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Chapter 2: Q2-3 (page 81)

You observe three carts moving to the left. Cart A moves to the left at nearly constant speed. Cart B moves to the left, gradually speeding up. Cart C moves to the left, gradually slowing down. Which cart or carts, if any, experience a net force to the left?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Cart B experiences a net force to the left.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Net force

The net force, also known as the resultant force, is the sum of all forces acting on an item at the same time.

02

Find that when there is a net force to the left, whichever cart or carts are it?

  • Cart 'A' accelerates to the left at a near-constant rate.

  • Cart 'B' accelerates as it advances to the left.

  • Cart 鈥楥' moves to the left, swooping down gradually.

  • The net force acting on an object moving at constant speed is zero, hence there is no net force acting on cart 'A' toward the left.

  • When the item's velocity and force are in the same direction, the object will accelerate.

  • Because the Cart B is speeding up and travelling to the left, there is a net force operating on the cart 'B' to the left.

  • When the velocity and force directions are opposite, the item slows down.

  • Because the cart C is slowing down and travelling to the left, there is a net force operating on the cart 'C' to the right.

Thus, the Cart 鈥楤鈥� is the cart that is being pushed to the left by the net force.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A playground ride consists of a disk of mass M=43kgand radius R=1.7mmounted on a low-friction axle (Figure 11.94). A child of mass m=25kgruns at speed v=2.3m/son a line tangential to the disk and jumps onto the outer edge of the disk.

(a.) If the disk was initially at rest, now how fast is it rotating? (b) What is the change in the kinetic energy of the child plus the disk? (c) where has most of this kinetic energy gone? (d) Calculate the change in linear momentum of the system consisting of the child plus the disk (but not including the axle), from just before to just after impact. What caused this change in the linear momentum? (e) The child on the disk walks inward on the disk and ends up standing at a new location a distance from the axle. Now what is the angular speed? (f) What is the change in the kinetic energy of the child plus the disk, from the beginning to the end of the walk on the disk? (g) What was the source of this increased kinetic energy?

A 0.7 kgblock of ice is sliding by you on a very slippery floor at 2.5m.s-1]As it goes by, you give it a kick perpendicular to its path. Your foot is in contact with the ice block for 0.003鈥�s. The block eventually slides at an angle of 22鈥�degreesfrom its original direction. The overhead view shown in Figure 2.54is approximately to scale. The arrow represents the average force your toe applies briefly to the block of ice. (a) Which of the possible paths shown in the diagram corresponds to the correct overhead view of the block鈥檚 path? (b) Which components of the block鈥檚 momentum are changed by the impulse applied by your foot? (Check all that apply. The diagram shows a top view, looking down on the xzplane.) (c) What is the unit vectorin the direction of the block鈥檚 momentum after the kick? (d) What is the x component of the block鈥檚 momentum after the kick? (e) Remember that p鈫�=|p鈫�|p^. What is the magnitude of the block鈥檚 momentum after the kick? (f) Use your answers to the preceding questions to find the zcomponent of the block鈥檚 momentum after the kick (drawing a diagram is helpful). (g) What was the magnitude of the average force you applied to the block?

In the circuit shown in Figure 19.75, the emf of the battery is 7.9V. Resistor R1 has a resistance of 23惟 , and resistor R2 has a resistance of 44惟 . A steady current flows through the circuit. (a) What is the absolute value of the potential difference across R1? (b) What is the conventional current through R2?

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A carbon resistor is 5 mm long and has a constant cross section of0.2mm2The conductivity of carbon at room temperature is 蟽=3脳104perohm-m.In a circuit its potential at one end of the resistor is 12 V relative to ground, and at the other end the potential is 15 V. Calculate the resistance Rand the current I (b) A thin copper wire in this circuit is 5 mm long and has a constant cross section of 0.2mm2.The conductivity of copper at room temperature is 蟽=6脳107ohm-1m-1.The copper wire is in series with the carbon resistor, with one end connected to the 15 V end of the carbon resistor, and the current you calculated in part (a) runs through the carbon resistor wire. Calculate the resistance Rof the copper wire and the potential Vatendat the other end of the wire.

You can see that for most purposes a thick copper wire in a circuit would have practically a uniform potential. This is because the small drift speed in a thick, high-conductivity copper wire requires only a very small electric field, and the integral of this very small field creates a very small potential difference along the wire.
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