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Chapter 2: Q18P (page 45)
(a) In figure 1.58, what are the components of the vector ?
(a) The component of the vector .
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In order to pull a sled across a level field at a constant velocity you have to exert a constant force. Doesn鈥檛 this violate Newton鈥檚 first and second laws of motion, which imply that no force is required to maintain a constant velocity? Explain this seeming contradiction.
At a certain instant a particle is moving in the direction with momentum. During the next a constant force acts on the particle, with and x. What is the magnitude of the momentum of the particle at the end of this interval?
Question: An electron passes location , and later is detected at location , (1 microsecond is). a) What is the average velocity of the electron? b) If the electron continues to travel at this average velocity, where will it be in another ?
Question: the Hall effect can be used to determine the sign of the mobile charges in a particular conducting material. A bar of a new kind of conducting material is connected to a battery as shown in Figure 20.85. In this diagram, the x-axis runs to the right, the y-axis runs up, and the z-axis runs out of the page, toward you. A voltmeter is connected across the bar as shown, with the leads placed directly opposite each other along a vertical line. In order to answer the following question, you should draw a careful diagram of the situation, including all relevant charges, electric fields, magnetic fields, and velocities.
Initially, there is no magnitude filed in the region of the bar. (a) Inside the bar, what is the direction of the electric field due to the charges on the batteries and the surface of the wires and the bar? This is the electric field that drives the current in the bar. (b) If the mobile charges in the bar are positive in what direction do they move when the current runs? (c) If the mobile charges in the bar are negative, in what direction do they move when the current runs? (d) In this situation (zero magnetic fields), what is the sign of the reading on the voltmeter?
Next, large coils (not shown) are moved near the bar. And current runs through the coils, making a magnetic field in the -z direction (into the page). (e) If the mobile charges in the bar are negative, what is the direction of the magnetic force on the mobile charge? (f) If the mobile charges in the bar are negative, which of the following things will happen? (1) Positive charge will accumulate on the top of the bar. (2) The bar will not becomes polarized. (3) Negative charge will accumulate on the left end of the bar. (4) Negative charge will accumulate on the top of the bar. (g) If the mobile charges in the bar are positive, what is the direction of the magnetic force on the mobile charges? (h) If the mobile charges in the bar are positive, which of these things will happen? (1) positive charge will accumulate on the top of the bar. (2) The bar will not becomes polarized. (3) Positive charge will accumulate on the right end of the bar. (4) Negative charge will accumulate on the top of the bar.
You look at the voltmeter and find that the reading on the meter is . (i) What can you conclude from this observation? (Remember that a voltmeter gives a positive reading if the positive lead is attached to the higher potential location.) (1) There is not enough information to figure out the sign of the mobile charges. (2) The mobile charges are negative. (3) The mobile charges are positive.
If you did not already to problem P60, do it now. Also calculate numerically the angle through which the yo-yo turns, in radians and degrees.
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