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Thermal energy is the energy that controls the temperature of a system. The passage of thermal energy is what is referred to as heat. Thermodynamics is a discipline of physics that studies how heat is exchanged across systems and how work is performed throughout the process.

The thermal energy is given by$Q=mc鈭�T$ where mis mass of substance, $鈭�T$is change in temperature and cis specific heat.

In the given case, thermal energy is change in energy so, replace Qby$鈭�E$in the formula of thermal energy and solve for $鈭�T$.

$$\begin{gathered} 鈭�E=mc鈭�T \\ 鈭�T=\frac{鈭�E}{mc} \end{gathered}$$

Substitute$鈭�E=mgh$and simplify.

$$\begin{gathered} 鈭�T=\frac{mgh}{mc} \\ =\frac{gh}{c} \end{gathered}$$

Substitute $g=9.8m{s}^{-2}$,$h=50\mathrm{m}$and $C=4.2脳{10}^3\mathrm{J}.{\mathrm{kg}}^{-1}.{\mathrm{K}}^{-1}$into the obtained formula to obtain the rise in temperature.

$$\begin{gathered} 鈭�T\mathit{=}\frac{\left(9.8{\mathrm{ms}}^{-2}\right)\left(50\mathrm{m}\right)}{4.2脳{10}^3\mathrm{J}.{\mathrm{kg}}^{-1}.{\mathrm{K}}^{-1}} \\ =0.12\mathrm{K} \end{gathered}$$

Therefore, the temperature rises at 0.12 K .