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You observe someone pulling a block of mass 43kg across a low-friction surface. While they pull a distance of 3m in the direction of motion, the speed of the block changes from 5 m/s to 7 m/s. Calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the person on the block. What was the change in internal energy (chemical energy plus thermal energy) of the person pulling the block?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The magnitude of the force is 172N and the change in internal energy is -516J.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Energy

Energy is a term that refers to a person's ability to do tasks. Potential energy, kinetic energy, thermal energy, electrical energy, chemical energy, nuclear energy, and other kinds of energy are all examples of potential energy. There is also heat and work (energy transmitted from one body to another).

02

Finding the work done

Work is the energy delivered to or from an item by applying force along a displacement in physics. It is frequently represented as the product of force and displacement in its simplest form.

The system has only kinetic energy.

The work done W on the block equals the system's change in energy. Write the equation.

W=Ef-Ej=12mvf2-12mvj2=12mvf2-vj2

Where, m is the mass, vf2-vj2is the change in velocity.

Substitute m=43kg, vi=7m/s and vi=5m/s into the obtained formula.

w=1243kg7m/s2-5m/s2516J

Therefore, the work done is 516J.

03

Finding the Force

Multiply force Fand the displacement x to find the work.

W=Fx

Substitute W=516Jand x=3 into the obtained formula and solve for F.

F=Wx=516J3M=172N

Therefore, the force is 172N .

04

Finding the Internal energy

The person's final internal energy is equal to their initial energy minus the effort they did on the block. Write the equation.

Einternal,f=Einternal,i-WEinternal=-W=-516J

Therefore, the force final Internal energy is -516J.

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