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Chapter 14: Q9Q (page 578)

Carbon tetrachloride CCl4is a liquid whose molecules are symmetrical and so are not permanent dipoles, unlike water molecules. Explain briefly how the effect of an external charge on a beaker of water H2Odiffers from its effect on a beaker of CCl4. (Hint: Consider the behavior of the permanent dipole you made out of U and L tapes.)

Short Answer

Expert verified

Carbon tetrachloride molecules are symmetric dipoles with no torque, and they are not orientated owing to an electric field formed by an electric charge, since they do not conduct electricity.

Step by step solution

01

Concept/Significance of electric dipole moment

The distance between positive and negative electrical charges is measured by the electric dipole moment. So, a dipole's dipole moment determines the intensity and direction of the field everywhere.

02

Explanation of the effect of an external charge on a beaker of waterH2O  differs from its effect on a beaker of CCl4

In carbon tetrachloride the electron charge density is closer to chlorine, which is more electronegative than carbon, the CCl4molecule is polar, and the C-Clbonds have a zero-dipole moment. Carbon tetrachloride is a white liquid with a pleasant odour akin to ether and chloroform. It has the chemical formulaCCl4 and is a covalent and volatile molecule with a denser vapour than air. It is not combustible or conductive of electricity. Unlike water molecules, which act as asymmetric dipoles and are orientated according to an electric field formed by a nearby electric charge, carbon tetrachloride molecules are symmetric dipoles without torque and are not directed owing to an electric field created by an electric charge, as they do not have electron movement.

Thus, carbon tetrachloride molecules are symmetric dipoles with no torque, and they are not orientated owing to an electric field formed by an electric charge, since they do not conduct electricity, that is, they do not have electron movement.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

: A thin, hollow spherical plastic shell of radius \({\bf{R}}\)carries a uniformly distributed negative charge \({\bf{ - Q}}\). A slice through the plastic shell is shown in Figure 14.95. To the left of the spherical shell are four charges packed closely together as shown (the distance \({\bf{s}}\) is shown greatly enlarged for clarity). The distance from the center of the four charges to the center of the plastic shell is \({\bf{L}}\) , which is much larger than \({\bf{s}}\left( {{\bf{L}} \gg {\bf{s}}} \right)\). Remember that a uniformly charged sphere makes an electric field as though all the charge were concentrated at the center of the sphere.

(a)Calculate the \({\bf{x}}\) and \({\bf{y}}\) components of the electric field at location B, a distance \({\bf{b}}\) to the right of the outer surface of the plastic shell. Explain briefly, including showing the electric field on a diagram. Your results should not contain any symbols other than the given quantities \({\bf{R,Q,q,s,L}}\), and \({\bf{b}}\)(and fundamental constants). You need not simplify the final algebraic results except for taking into account the fact that \({\bf{L}} \gg {\bf{s}}\).

(b)What simplifying assumption did you have to make in part (a)?

(c)The plastic shell is removed and replaced by an uncharged metal ball, as in Figure 14.96. At location Ainside the metal ball, a distance \({\bf{b}}\)to the left of the outer surface of the ball, accurately draw and label the electric field\({{\bf{\vec E}}_{{\bf{ball}}}}\) due to the ball charges and the electric field \({{\bf{\vec E}}_{\bf{4}}}\) of the four charges. Explain briefly.

(d)Show the distribution of ball charges.

(e)Calculate the \({\bf{x}}\) and \({\bf{y}}\) components of the net electric field at location A.

You take two invisible tapes of some unknown brand, stick them together, and discharge the pair before pulling them apart and hanging them from the edge of your desk. When you bring an uncharged plastic pen withinof10CM either the U tape or the L tape you see a slight attraction. Next you rub the pen through your hair, which is known to charge the pen negatively. Now you find that if you bring the charged pen withinrole="math" localid="1655718752350" 8CMof the L tape you see a slight repulsion, and if you bring the pen withinrole="math" localid="1655718766744" 12CMof the U tape you see a slight attraction. Briefly explain all of your observations.

Can you charge a piece of plastic by induction? Explain, using diagram. Compare with the amount of charging obtained when you charge a piece of metal by induction.

A typical atomic polarizability is 1脳10-40C路ml(N/C). If theq in p=qsis equal to the proton charge e, what charge separation s could you produce in a typical atom by applying a large field of 3脳106N/C, which is large enough to cause a spark in air?

You have three metal blocks marked A, B, and C, sitting on insulating stands. Block A is charged, but blocks B and C are neutral (Figure 14.76).

Without using any additional equipment and without altering the amount of charge on block A, explain how you could make block B be chargedand block C be charged. Explain your procedure in detail, including diagrams of the charge distributions at each step in the process.
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