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Chapter 14: Q64P (page 585)

The diagrams in Figure 14.98 show a sequence of events involving a small lightweight aluminum ball that is suspended from a cotton thread. In order to get enough information, you will need to read through the entire sequence of events described below before beginning to answer the questions. Before trying to select answers, you will need to draw your own diagrams showing the charge state of each object in each situation. (a) A small, lightweight aluminum ball hangs from a cotton thread. You touch the ball briefly with your fingers, then release it (Diagram 1 in Figure 14.98). Which of the diagrams in Figure 14.99 best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment, using the diagrammatic conventions discussed in this chapter? (b) A block of metal that is known to be charged is now moved near the ball (Diagram 2 in Figure 14.98). The ball starts to swing toward the block of metal, as shown in Diagram 3 in Figure 14.98. Remember to read through the whole sequence before answering this question: Which of the diagrams in Figure 14.99 best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment? (c) The ball briefly touches the charged metal block (Diagram 4 in Figure 14.98). Then the ball swings away from the block and hangs motionless at an angle, as shown in Diagram 5 in Figure 14.98. Which of the diagrams in Figure 14.99 best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment? (d) Finally, the block is moved far away. A negatively charged rod is brought near the ball. The ball is repelled by the charged rod, as shown in Diagram 6 in Figure 14.98. Which of the diagrams in Figure 14.99 best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment?

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) Diagram K best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment.

(b) Diagram C and D best show the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment.

(c) Diagram A and B best show the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment.

(d) Diagram J best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment.

Step by step solution

01

Significance of the electric field

The electric field is described as a region that helps an electrically charged particle to exert force on another particle.

02

(a) Determination of the diagram that best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment

The first diagram shows that the aluminum ball hangs from the thread and is suddenly released. However, if the metal ball is being touched, then the ball gets neutralized. Hence, no net charge acts inside the ball only the negative charges act outside the ball and most of the negative charges are on the right side of the ball.

Thus, diagram K best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment.

03

(b) Determination of the diagram that best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment

Diagram 2 shows that the metal block moves near the ball. Diagram 3 shows that the ball swings towards the metal block. However, it can be identified that the block has induced a charge distribution on the spheres. Hence, the diagrams may have dipoles in the same or in the opposite direction and will have positive and negative charges on either side of the sphere.

Thus, diagrams C and D best show the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment.

04

(c) Determination of the diagram that best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment 

Diagram 4 shows that the ball touches the charged block of metal. In diagram 5, the ball swings away from the block and motionlessly hangs at a particular angle. Hence, the diagram can be dipoles having positive charges at the right or at the left and the same goes for the negative charges.

Thus, diagram A and B best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment.

05

(d) Determination of the diagram that best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment 

A rod that is negatively charged has been brought near the ball in diagram 6. Moreover, the charged rod repels the ball. Hence, it shows that the ball has negative charges all over its surface and the greater number of negative charges is on the right side of the ball.

Thus, diagram J best shows the distribution of charge in and/or on the ball at this moment.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

You rub a clear plastic pen with wool, and observe that a strip of invisible tape is attracted to the pen. Assuming that the pen has a net negative charge, which of the following could be true? Select all that apply. (1) The tape might be negatively charged. (2) The tape might be positively charged. (3) The tape might be uncharged. (4) There is not enough information to conclude anything.

A point charge of 3脳10鈭�9鈥塁is located at the origin.

(a) What is the magnitude of the electric field at location 鉄�0.2,0,0鉄�鈥尘?

(b) Next, a short, straight, thin copper wire 3鈥尘mlong is placed along the x axis with its center at location 鉄�0.1,0,0鉄�鈥尘. What is the approximate change in the magnitude of the electric field at location 鉄�0.2,0,0鉄�鈥尘?

(c) Does the magnitude of the electric field at location 鉄�0.2,0,0鉄�鈥尘 increase or decrease as a result of placing the copper wire between this location and the point charge?

(d) Does the copper metal block the electric field contributed by the point charge?

The mobility of Na+ions in water is5.2脳10-8(m/s)(N/C). If an electric field of2400N/Cis maintained in the fluid, what is the drift speed of the sodium ions?

You observe that a negatively charged plastic pen repels a charged piece of invisible tape. You then observe that the same piece of tape is repelled when brought near a metal sphere. You are wearing rubber-soled shoes, and you touch the metal sphere with your hand. After you touch the metal sphere, you observe that the tape is attracted to the metal sphere. Which of the following statements could be true? Check all that apply. (1) Electrons from the sphere traveled through your body into the Earth. (2) Electrons from the sphere moved into the salt water on your skin, where they reacted with sodium ions. (3) After you touched it, the metal sphere was very nearly neutral. (4) Chloride ions from the salt water on your hand moved onto the sphere. (5) The excess negative charge from the sphere spread out all over your body. (6) Electrons from your hand moved onto the sphere. (7) Sodium ions from the salt water on your hand moved onto the sphere.

A very thin spherical plastic shell of radius15鈥塩尘 carries a uniformly distributed negative charge of 鈭�8鈥塶颁(鈭�8脳10鈭�9鈥塁)on its outer surface (so it makes an electric field as though all the charge were concentrated at the center of the sphere). An uncharged solid metal block is placed nearby. The block is10cm thick, and it is10cm away from the surface of the sphere. See Figure 14.97. (a) Sketch the approximate charge distribution of the neutral solid metal block.

(b) Draw the electric field vector at the center of the metal block that is due solely to the charge distribution you sketched (that is, excluding the contributions of the sphere).

(c) Calculate the magnitude of the electric field vector you drew. Explain briefly. If you must make any approximations, state what they are.
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