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Chapter 14: Q23Q (page 580)

You have two identical neutral metal spheres labeled A and B, mounted on insulating posts, and you have a plastic pen that charges negatively when you rub it on your hair (Figure 14.77).


(a) (+ and 鈭�) Explain in detail, including diagrams, what operations you would carry out to give sphere A some positive charge and sphere B an equal amount of negative charge. (b) (+ and +) Explain in detail, including diagrams, what operations you would carry out on the neutral spheres to give sphere A some positive charge and sphere B an equal amount of positive charge (the spheres are initially uncharged).

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) When the pen is brought near to A then it will get positively charged and B will get negatively charged due to induction.

(b) When a negatively charged pen is brought near the neutral spheres then, they will get positively charged.

Step by step solution

01

the Significance of the induction charging for spheres

Charging by induction states that an uncharged particle can get charged if it is kept beside a charged particle.

Also, induction charging is a process in which charging an object without touching the object is grounded on a 鈥渘eutrally charged material鈥�.

The induction charging gives the operations needed to charge both the spheres A and B.

02

Determination of the operations needed for giving sphere A, a positive charge and sphere B, a negative charge

(a)

The diagram for explaining the operations is shown below-

Initially, both the bodies are neutral, after rubbing, one sphere gets one type of charge and another sphere gets an opposite charge of the same amount. However, this is possible due to the fact of charging by induction. So, when a negatively charged pen is brought near sphere A, then it gets positively charged, and when the pen is brought near sphere B, then it gets negatively charged due to the fact of induction.

Thus, when the pen is brought near to A then it will get positively charged and B will get negatively charged due to induction.

03

Determination of the operations needed for giving positive charge to both the spheres

(b)

The diagram for explaining the operations is shown below,

In this case, the spheres will be kept at some distance to avoid induction and the pen will bring near both of them to make them positively chargedwith an equal amount of charge due to the fact of induction.

Thus, when a negatively charged pen is brought near the neutral spheres then, they will get positively charged with an equal amount of charge.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

You place a neutral block of nickel near a small glass sphere that has a charge of 2脳10-8Cuniformly distributed over its surface, as shown in Figure 14.92.


(a) About how long do you have to wait to make sure that the mobile electron sea inside the nickel block has reached equilibrium? (1) Less than a nanosecond (1脳10-9s), (2) Several hours, (3) About 1s, (4) About 10min(b) In equilibrium, what is the average drift speed of the mobile electrons inside the nickel block? (1) About 1脳105m/s, (2) About 1脳10-5m/s, (3) 0m/s(c) In the equation v炉=uE, what is the meaning of the symbol u? (1) The density of mobile electrons inside the metal, in localid="1657175774793" electrons/m3, (2) The mobility of an electron inside the metal, in m/s/N/C, (3) The time it takes a block of metal to reach equilibrium, in seconds

Blocks A and B are identical metal blocks. Initially block A is neutral, and block B has a net charge of5nC.Using insulating handles, the blocks are moved so they touch each other. After touching for a few seconds, the blocks are separated (again using insulating handles). (a) What is the final charge of block A? (b) What happened while the blocks were in contact with each other? (1) Protons moved from block B to block A. (2) Positrons moved from block B to block A. (3) Electrons moved from block A to block B. (4) Both protons and electrons moved. (5) No charged particles moved.

A student said, 鈥淲hen you touch a charged piece of metal, the metal is no longer charged: all the charge on the metal is neutralized.鈥� As a practical matter, this is nearly correct, but it Isn鈥檛 exactly right. What鈥檚 wrong with saying that all the charge on the metal is neutralized?

: A thin, hollow spherical plastic shell of radius \({\bf{R}}\)carries a uniformly distributed negative charge \({\bf{ - Q}}\). A slice through the plastic shell is shown in Figure 14.95. To the left of the spherical shell are four charges packed closely together as shown (the distance \({\bf{s}}\) is shown greatly enlarged for clarity). The distance from the center of the four charges to the center of the plastic shell is \({\bf{L}}\) , which is much larger than \({\bf{s}}\left( {{\bf{L}} \gg {\bf{s}}} \right)\). Remember that a uniformly charged sphere makes an electric field as though all the charge were concentrated at the center of the sphere.

(a)Calculate the \({\bf{x}}\) and \({\bf{y}}\) components of the electric field at location B, a distance \({\bf{b}}\) to the right of the outer surface of the plastic shell. Explain briefly, including showing the electric field on a diagram. Your results should not contain any symbols other than the given quantities \({\bf{R,Q,q,s,L}}\), and \({\bf{b}}\)(and fundamental constants). You need not simplify the final algebraic results except for taking into account the fact that \({\bf{L}} \gg {\bf{s}}\).

(b)What simplifying assumption did you have to make in part (a)?

(c)The plastic shell is removed and replaced by an uncharged metal ball, as in Figure 14.96. At location Ainside the metal ball, a distance \({\bf{b}}\)to the left of the outer surface of the ball, accurately draw and label the electric field\({{\bf{\vec E}}_{{\bf{ball}}}}\) due to the ball charges and the electric field \({{\bf{\vec E}}_{\bf{4}}}\) of the four charges. Explain briefly.

(d)Show the distribution of ball charges.

(e)Calculate the \({\bf{x}}\) and \({\bf{y}}\) components of the net electric field at location A.

Which of the following are true? Check all that apply. (1) If the net electric field at a particular location inside a piece of metal is zero, the metal is not in equilibrium. (2) The net electric field inside a block of metal is zero under all circumstances. (3) The net electric field at any location inside a block of copper is zero if the copper block is in equilibrium. (4) The electric field from an external charge cannot penetrate to the center of a block of iron. (5) In equilibrium, there is a net flow of mobile charged particles inside a conductor.
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