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Chapter 18: Q6Q (page 755)
Why don鈥檛 all mobile electrons in a metal have exactly the same speed?
All mobile electrons in a wire don't have the exact same speed because the rate of collision is different for different electrons. The average speed remains constant.
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When a single thick-filament bulb of a particular kind and two batteries are connected in series, 18 electrons pass through the bulb every second. When two batteries in series are connected to a single thin-filament bulb, with a filament made of the same material and length as the thick-filament bulb but a smaller cross-section, only 18 electrons pass through the bulb every second. (a) In the circuit shown in Figure 18.109, how many electrons per second flow through the thin-filament bulb? (b) What approximations or simplifying assumptions did you make? (c) Show approximately the surface charge on a diagram of the circuit.
During the initial transient leading to the steady state, the electron current going into a bulb may be greater than the electron current leaving the bulb. Explain why and how these two currents come to be equal in the steady state.
In the few nanoseconds before the steady state is established in a circuit consisting of a battery, copper wires, and a single bulb, is the current the same everywhere in the circuit? Explain.
How can there be a nonzero electric field inside a wire in a circuit? Isn鈥檛 the electric field inside a metal always zero?
What is the most important general difference between a system in steady state and a system in equilibrium?
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