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Chapter 18: Q9Q (page 755)

During the initial transient leading to the steady state, the electron current going into a bulb may be greater than the electron current leaving the bulb. Explain why and how these two currents come to be equal in the steady state.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The accumulated electrons due to the difference in current reduce the inward current and increase the outward current, thus equalizing the current everywhere.

Step by step solution

01

Given data

The electron current going into a bulb is greater than the electron current leaving the bulb.

02

Behavior of electrons in a circuit

If there is accumulation of electrons somewhere in a circuit, they repel the incoming electrons and push the outgoing electrons, thus steadying out the flow

03

Determine the mechanism of steady current formation

If the region before the bulb has more current than the region after the bulb, the flow of electrons into the bulb is greater than the outflow. This creates an accumulation of electrons near the bulb. These accumulated electrons repel further electrons from coming in, thus reducing the inward current, and repel the electrons moving out, thus increasing the outward current. This process continues until the current is equal everywhere, thus reaching steady state.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Since there is an electric field inside a wire in a circuit, why don鈥檛 the mobile electrons in the wire accelerate continuously?

In a table like the one shown, write an inequality comparing each quantity in the steady state for a narrow resistor and thick connecting wires, which are made of the same material as the resistor.

Electron current in resistor

<,=, or >

Electron current in Thick Wires

nR

nw

AR

Aw

uR

uw

ER

Ew

vR

vw

Inside a chemical battery it is not actually individual electrons that are transported from the + end to the 鈥� end. At the + end of the battery an 鈥渁cceptor鈥� molecule picks up an electron entering the battery, and at the 鈥� end a different 鈥渄onor鈥� molecule gives up an electron, which leaves the battery. Ions rather than electrons move between the two ends to support the charge inside the battery.

When the supplies of acceptor and donor molecules are used up in a chemical battery, the battery is dead because it can no longer accept or electron. The electron current in electron per second times the number of seconds of battery life, is equal to the number of donor molecules in the battery.

A flashlight battery contains approximately half a mole of donor molecules. The electron current through a thick filament bulb powered by two flashlight batteries in series is about 0.3 A. About how many hours will the batteries keep this bulb lit?

Describe the following attributes of a metal wire in steady

state vs. equilibrium:

Metal Wire

Steady-state

Equilibrium

Location of excess charge

Motion of mobile electrons

inside the metal wire

Compare the direction of the average electric field inside a battery to the direction of the electric field in the wires and resistors of a circuit.
See all solutions

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