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Chapter 18: Q10Q (page 755)

At a typical drift speed of 5脳10-5m/s, an electron traveling at that speed would take about to travel through one of your connecting wires. Why, then, does the bulb light immediately when the connecting wire is attached to the battery?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The bulb lights immediately because mobile electrons are present throughout the circuit that start moving simultaneously when switched on.

Step by step solution

01

Given data

Drift speed of electrons = 5脳10-5m/s

02

Electrical force on electrons in a circuit

The force due to electric field applied on a circuit affects all mobile electrons simultaneously.

03

Determine reason why a light bulb turns on immediately when switched on

There are mobile free electrons present throughout the circuit wire. When switched on, the applied electric field from the battery acts simultaneously on all electrons throughout the circuit and they start moving instantaneously. Thus a bulb located anywhere in the circuit is lit immediately.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In the few nanoseconds before the steady state is established in a circuit consisting of a battery, copper wires, and a single bulb, is the current the same everywhere in the circuit? Explain.

Why does the brightness of a bulb not change noticeably when you use longer copper wires to connect it to the battery? (1) Very little energy is dissipated in the thick connecting wires. (2) The electric field in connecting wires is very small, so emf鈮�EbulbLbulb. (3) Electric field in the connecting wires is zero, so emf鈮�EbulbLbulb. (4) Current in the connecting wires is smaller than current in the bulb. (5) All the current is used up in the bulb, so the connecting wires don鈥檛 matter.

The drift speed in a copper wire is 7脳10-5msfor a typical electron current. Calculate the magnitude of the electric field inside the copper wire. The mobility of mobile electrons in copper is 4.5脳10-3ms/NC. (Note that though the electric field in the wire is very small, it is adequate to push a sizable electron current through the copper wire.)

A Nichrome wire 30 cm long and 0.25 mm in diameter is connected to a 1.5 V flashlight battery. What is the electric field inside the wire? Why you don鈥檛 have to know how the wire is bent? How would your answer change if the wire diameter change were 0.35 mm? (Not that the electric field in the wire is quiet small compared to the electric field near a charged tape.)

In the circuit shown in Figure 18.110, the two thick wires and the thin wire are made of Nichrome.

(a) Show the steady-state electric field at indicated locations, including in the thin wire. (b) Carefully draw pluses and minuses on your own diagram to show the approximate surface-charge distribution in the steady state. Make your drawing show the differences between regions of high surface-charge density and regions of low surface-charge density. (c) The emf of the battery is1.5V. In Nichrome, there are n=9脳1028 mobile electrons per m3, and the mobility of mobile electrons is 渭=7脳10-5(m/s)(V/m). Each thick wire has a length of L1 =20cm=0.2m and a cross-sectional area of A1 =9脳10-8 m2. The thin wire has a length of L2=5cm=0.05m and a cross-sectional area of A2=1.5脳10-8m2. (The total length of the three wires is 45cm)Calculate the number of electrons entering the thin wire every second in the steady state. Do not make any approximations, and do not use Ohm鈥檚 law or series-resistance equations. State briefly where each of your equations comes from.
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