91Ó°ÊÓ

Why does the energy of characteristic x rays become increasingly greater for heavier atoms?

Verify that the ground state energy \({{\rm{E}}_{\rm{0}}}\) is \({\rm{13}}{\rm{.6eV}}\) by using

\({{\rm{E}}_{\rm{0}}}{\rm{ = }}\frac{{{\rm{2}}{{\rm{\pi }}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{q}}_{\rm{e}}^{\rm{4}}{{\rm{m}}_{\rm{e}}}{{\rm{k}}^{\rm{2}}}}}{{{{\rm{h}}^{\rm{2}}}}}\)

Observers at a safe distance from an atmospheric test of a nuclear bomb feel its heat but receive none of its copious x rays. Why is air opaque to x rays but transparent to infrared?

If a hydrogen atom has its electron in the n = 4 state, how much energy in eV is needed to ionize it?

Lasers are used to burn and read CDs. Explain why a laser that emits blue light would be capable of burning and reading more information than one that emits infrared.

A hydrogen atom in an excited state can be ionized with less energy than when it is in its ground state. What is n for a hydrogen atom if 0.850 eV of energy can ionize it?

Crystal lattices can be examined with x rays but not UV. Why?

Find the radius of a hydrogen atom in the n = 2 state according to Bohr’s theory.

CT scanners do not detect details smaller than about 0.5 mm. Is this limitation due to the wavelength of x rays? Explain.

Show that\[\left( {{\bf{13}}{\bf{.6 eV}}} \right){\bf{/hc = 1}}{\bf{.097 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{\bf{7}}}{\bf{ m}}\]=R (Rydberg’s constant), as discussed in the text