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Chapter 30: Q11PE (page 1112)
If a hydrogen atom has its electron in the n = 4 state, how much energy in eV is needed to ionize it?
The energy needed to ionize hydrogen atom is 0.85 eV.
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A hydrogen atom in an excited state can be ionized with less energy than when it is in its ground state. What is n for a hydrogen atom if 0.850 eV of energy can ionize it?
A color television tube also generates some x rays when its electron beam strikes the screen. What is the shortest wavelength of these x rays, if a 30.0-kV potential is used to accelerate the electrons? (Note that TVs have shielding to prevent these x rays from exposing viewers.)
An x ray tube has an applied voltage of 100 kV.
(a) What is the most energetic x-ray photon it can produce? Express your answer in electron volts and joules.
(b) Find the wavelength of such an X鈥搑ay.
(a) If one subshell of an atom has 9 electrons in it, what is the minimum value of l ?
(b) What is the spectroscopic notation for this atom, if this subshell is part of the n = 3 shell?
Some of the most powerful lasers are based on the energy levels of neodymium in solids, such as glass, as shown in Figure 30.65.
(a) What average wavelength light can pump the neodymium into the levels above its metastable state?
(b) Verify that the 1.17 eV transition produces 1.06 碌m radiation. Figure 30.65 Neodymium atoms in glass have these energy levels, one of which is metastable. The group of levels above the metastable state is convenient for achieving a population inversion, since photons of many different energies can be absorbed by atoms in the ground state.
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