/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 15 A computer hard disk starts from... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

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A computer hard disk starts from rest, then speeds up with an angular acceleration of \(190 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\) until it reaches its final angular speed of 7200 rpm. How many revolutions has the disk made \(10.0 \mathrm{s}\) after it starts up? \(?\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The computer disk makes approximately 959 revolutions in the first 10 seconds after startup.

Step by step solution

01

Convert angular speed to rad/s

Firstly, the angular speed is given in rev/min. However, since the angular acceleration is given in rad/s², we should convert the angular speed to a compatible unit. We use the conversion factor \(1 rev = 2\pi rad\). So, \[7200 rev/min = 7200 × \frac{2\pi rad}{1 rev} × \frac{1 min}{60 s} = 753.9822368619 rad/s \]
02

Calculate time taken to reach final speed

In order to get the revolutions made by the disk at 10 seconds, firstly, we need to find out the time taken to reach the final speed. Then we can calculate the revolutions made during that time and the additional time. The formula for the time to reach final speed (t) is \[t = \frac{\omega}{\alpha}\] where \(\omega\) is the final speed and \(\alpha\) is the angular acceleration. So, \[t = \frac{753.9822368619 rad/s}{190 rad/s²} = 3.96885387347 s\]. The disk attains its final speed in approximately 3.97 seconds.
03

Calculate the revolutions during acceleration

The revolutions made by the disk during acceleration is calculated using the formula for angular displacement (\(\theta\)) which is \[\theta = \frac{1}{2} \alpha t² \]where \(\alpha\) is the angular acceleration and \(t\) is the time. However, we need to find out the revolutions so we should convert \(\theta\) from rad to revolutions using the conversion factor \(1 rev = 2\pi rad\). So, \[\theta = \frac{1}{2} * 190 rad/s² *(3.97 s)² = 1498.0927768387 rad\] Convert to revolutions, we get \[ \frac{1498.0927768387 rad}{2\pi rad/rev} = 238.366 rev\].
04

Calculate the additional revolutions

Subtract the time taken to reach final speed from 10 seconds to get the additional time which is \(10 s – 3.97 s = 6.03 s\). The number of additional revolutions made during this time is the product of the angular speed (\(\omega\)) and the additional time. It is given by the formula \[Rev = \omega * time\] Since the angular speed is given in rad/s, we convert it to rev/s by dividing by \(2\pi\) and use the formula \[ Rev = \frac{753.982 rad/s}{2\pi rev/rad} * 6.03 s = 720.899 rev\]
05

Calculate the total number of revolutions

The total number of revolutions made by the disk after 10 seconds from start up is the sum of the revolutions during acceleration and the additional revolutions. So, Total revolutions = \(238.366 rev + 720.899 rev = 959.265 rev\). The disk makes approximately 959 revolutions by the time it is 10 seconds from startup.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Angular Velocity
Imagine spinning a bicycle wheel. How quickly it spins can be described by its angular velocity, which is the rate of change of its angular displacement. When we talk about angular velocity, we're essentially discussing how fast an object is rotating. Mathematically, it's represented as \(\frac{d\theta}{dt}\), where \(\theta\) refers to the angular displacement in radians and \(t\) is time in seconds. The standard unit for measuring angular velocity is radians per second \(rad/s\).

In our exercise, the final angular velocity of a computer hard disk is given as 7200 revolutions per minute \(rpm\), but to calculate using SI units, we need it in radians per second. Such unit conversions are vital in ensuring consistency across all mathematical calculations in a problem.
Angular Displacement
Angular displacement tells us how much an object has rotated from its initial position and is measured in radians. For example, if a merry-go-round makes a complete turn, it undergoes an angular displacement of \(2\text\text{\(pi\)} rad\). It’s a scalar quantity which means it only has magnitude and no direction, unlike angular velocity which is a vector quantity. The concept is crucial when determining how far an object has rotated over time.

In the exercise provided, we were asked to find how many revolutions the disk made after a certain time. To do that, we calculated the disk’s angular displacement during its acceleration period and converted it to revolutions to make it more understandable. Remember, since \(1 rev = 2\text\text{\(pi\)} rad\), conversions between radians and revolutions are an integral part of understanding angular displacement.
Unit Conversion
Unit conversion is a fundamental aspect of solving physics problems, especially when dealing with angular measurements. To correctly perform calculations, all units must be consistent. In the context of angular measurements, we often convert between revolutions and radians as well as minutes to seconds to ensure we're using the standard SI unit system. One revolution equates to \(2\text\text{\(pi\)} rad\), and there are 60 seconds in a minute.

In our solution, we converted the final angular velocity from revolutions per minute to radians per second to match the given angular acceleration's units. This step is vital for accurate calculations and is a common source of mistakes if overlooked.
Rotational Kinematics
Rotational kinematics involves the motion of objects rotating about an axis and encompasses angular velocity, angular acceleration, and angular displacement. The equations for rotational kinematics closely resemble those for linear motion, but they apply to rotating systems. One of the fundamental equations we used relates the final angular velocity \(\text\text{\(omega\)}\), the angular acceleration \(\alpha\), and the time taken to reach that final velocity as \(t = \frac{\text\text{\(omega\)}}{\alpha}\).

In the provided exercise, we computed the time to reach the final speed, the angular displacement during acceleration, and then found the additional angular displacement once the disk was at constant speed. Summing these two displacements gave us the total revolutions made in the time provided, demonstrating the integral role of rotational kinematics in analyzing such a scenario.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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