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Chapter 3: Problem 49
Determine whether each statement makes sense or does not make sense, and explain your reasoning. The inverse of a statement's converse is the statement's contrapositive.
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Use Euler diagrams to determine whether each argument is valid or invalid. All insects have six legs. No spiders have six legs. Therefore, no spiders are insects.
Conservative commentator Rush Limbaugh directed this passage at liberals and the way they think about crime. Of course, liberals will argue that these actions [contemporary youth crime] can be laid at the foot of socioeconomic inequities, or poverty. However, the Great Depression caused a level of poverty unknown to exist in America today, and yet I have been unable to find any accounts of crime waves sweeping our large cities. Let the liberals chew on that. (See, I Told You So, p. 83) Limbaugh's passage can be expressed in the form of an argument: If poverty causes crime, then crime waves would have swept American cities during the Great Depression. Crime waves did not sweep American cities during the Great Depression. \(\therefore\) Poverty does not cause crime. (Liberals are wrong.) Translate this argument into symbolic form and determine whether it is valid or invalid.
Translate each argument into symbolic form. Then determine whether the argument is valid or invalid. You may use a truth table or, if applicable, compare the argument's symbolic form to a standard valid or invalid form. (You can ignore differences in past, present, and future tense.) If it rains or snows, then I read. I am not reading. \(\therefore\) It is neither raining nor snowing.
Use a truth table to determine whether the symbolic form of the argument is valid or invalid. $$ \begin{aligned} &p \rightarrow q \\ &\frac{q \wedge r}{\therefore p \vee r} \end{aligned} $$
Translate the argument below into symbolic form. Then use a truth table to determine if the argument is valid or invalid. It's wrong to smoke in public if secondary cigarette smoke is a health threat. If secondary cigarette smoke were not a health threat, the American Lung Association would not say that it is. The American Lung Association says that secondary cigarette smoke is a health threat. Therefore, it's wrong to smoke in public.
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