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Chapter 9: Q.5 (page 597)
A random sample of likely voters in a small city produced voters in favor of Candidate A. The observed value of the test statistic for testing the null hypothesis versus the alternative hypothesis is
(b).
(c).
(d).
(e).
The correct answer is (b).
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When ski jumpers take off, the distance they fly varies considerably depending on their speed, skill, and wind conditions. Event organizers must position the landing area to allow for differences in the distances that the athletes fly. For a particular competition, the organizers estimate that the variation in distance flown by the athletes will be
= meters. An experienced jumper thinks that the organizers are underestimating the variation.
Are boys more likely? We hear that newborn babies are more likely to be boys than girls. Is this true? A random sample of 25,468 firstborn children included 13,173 boys. Boys do make up more than half of the sample, but of course, we don't expect a perfect 50-50 split in a random sample.
(a) To what population can the results of this study be generalized: all children or all firstborn children? Justify your answer.
(b) Do these data give convincing evidence that boys are more common than girls in the population? Carry out a significance test to help answer this question.
Sweetening colas Cola makers test new recipes for loss of sweetness during storage. Trained tasters rate the sweetness before and after storage. From experience, the population distribution of sweetness losses will be close to Normal. Here are the sweetness losses (sweetness before storage minus sweetness after storage) found by tasters from a random sample of batches of a new cola recipe:
Are these data good evidence that the cola lost sweetness? Carry out a test to help you answer this question.
Significance and sample size A study with subjects reported a result that was statistically significant at the level. Explain why this result might not be particularly large or important.
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to body tissues. People with fewer than 12 grams of hemoglobin per deciliter of blood (g/dl) are anemic. A public health official in Jordan suspects that Jordanian children are at risk of anemia. He measures a random sample of 50 children. Check the conditions for carrying out a significance test of the official鈥檚 suspicion.
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