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The geometric distributions You are tossing a pair of fair, six-sided dice in a board game. Tosses are independent. You land in a danger zone that

requires you to roll doubles (both faces showing the same number of spots) before you are allowed to play again. How long will you wait to play again?

(a) What is the probability of rolling doubles on a single toss of the dice? (If you need review, the possible outcomes appear in Figure 5.2 (page 300). All 36 outcomes are equally likely.)

(b) What is the probability that you do not roll doubles on the first toss, but you do on the second toss?

(c) What is the probability that the first two tosses are not doubles and the third toss is doubles? This is the probability that the first doubles occurs on the

third toss.

(d) Now you see the pattern. What is the probability that the first doubles occurs on the fourth toss? On the fifth toss? Give the general result: what is the probability that the first doubles occurs on the kth toss?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Part (a) The probability is 0.1667

Part (b) The probability is 0.1389

Part (c) The required probability is 0.1157

Part (d) P(X=k)=5k16k

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1. Given Information

In a toss, the number of dice rolled equals2

The number of sides of a die is 6

02

Part (a) Step 2. Concept

Probability=NumberoffavorableoutcomesTotalnumberofoutcomes

Complementary rule: P(notA)=1P(A)

03

Part (a) Step 3. Calculation

On rolling a pair of dice, the sample space is shown below:

Number of outcomes in total 66=36

The results of doubles=(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6)

As a result, the likelihood of rolling doubles is662=16=0.1667

04

Part (b) Step 1. Calculation

From the sub part a, 1/6chance of rolling doubles .

The likelihood of not rolling dice is based on the complements rule, as explained above1-16=56

As a result, the necessary probability5616=56=0.13889

05

Part (c) Step 1. Calculation

From the above sub parts P(double)=1/6P(notdouble)=5/6

As a result, the chances of a double on the third throw but not the first or second will be higher565616=0.1157

As a result, the likelihood is 0.1157

06

Part (d) Step 1. Calculation

LetX be the number of tosses required for a double.

Doubles are more likely to occur in the fourth toss.

P(X=4)=56565616=5465

Probability of a double in the fifty-fifth toss

P(X=5)=5656565616=5465

It can be observed that the result is increased by 5/6 each time.

P(X=4)=P(X=3)56=526356=5364

This is consistent with the general rule.

P(X=k)=5k16k

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