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Marcella takes a shower every morning when she gets up. Her time in the shower varies according to a Normal distribution with mean 4.5minutes and standard deviation 0.9minutes.

(a) If Marcella took a 7-minute shower, would it be classified as an outlier? Justify your answer.

(b) Suppose we choose 10days at random and record the length of Marcella鈥檚 shower each day. What鈥檚 the probability that her shower time is 7minutes or higher on at least 2of the days? Show your work.

(c) Find the probability that the mean length of her shower times on these 10 days exceeds5 minutes. Show your work

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) If Marcella took a 7-minute shower, yes it is classified as an outlier.

(b) The probability is 0.000323.

(c) The probability that the mean length of her shower times is0.0392.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1: Given information

Given in the question that,

Normal distribution with mean is 4.5minutes

Standard deviation is0.9minutes

02

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

The given data is

=4.5

=0.9

25thpercentile Q1

The Xthpercentile is the data value that has x%of all data values below it, suggesting that 25%of all data values are below it.

In the normal probability table of the appendix, find the z-score that corresponds to a probability of 0.25. The closest probability is 0.2514, which is found in the row -0.6and column of the normal probability table, and so the equivalent z-score is

-0.6+.07=-0.67

Q1=-0.67

75thpercentile

The Xthpercentile is the data value that has x%of all data values below it, implying that 75%of all data values are below the 75thpercentile.

In the normal probability table of the appendix, find the z-score that corresponds to a probability of 0.75. The closest probability is 0.7486, which is found in the normal probability table's row 0.6and column 0.07, and so the equivalent z-score is

0.6+.07=0.67

Q3=0.67

Outliers

The difference between the third and first quartile is the interquartile range (IQR):

localid="1650687556358" IQR=Q3-Q1=0.67-(-0.67)=1.34

Outliers are observations that are more than 1.5times the IQR above Q3or below Q1

localid="1650687571854" Q3+1.5IQR=0.67+1.5(1.34)=2.68

localid="1650687586729" Q1-1.5IQR=-0.67-1.5(1.34)=-2.68

Outliers are defined as z-scores that are less than -2.68 or greater than 2.68. The z-score is the difference between the mean and the standard deviation:

localid="1650687600637" z=7-4.50.92.78

Since 2.78is above 2.68, the -minute shower would be classified as an outlier.

03

Part (b) Step 1: Given information

Normal distribution has

Mean is4.5minutes

Standard deviation is0.9minutes

04

Part (b) Step 2: Explanation

According to the information

=4.5

=0.9

Thez-score is the difference between the mean and the standard deviation:

localid="1650687713162" z=x-=7-4.50.92.78

Using table A, calculate the corresponding probability:

localid="1650687761801" P(X>7)=P(Z>2.78)=P(Z<-2.78)=0.0027

localid="1650687773704" P(X7)=P(Z<2.78)=0.9973

Multiplication and complement rule

P(AandB)=P(A)P(B)

P(notA)=1-P(A)

Then we get,

P(Atleast2of10days>7)=1-P(0of10days>7)-P(1of10days>7)

=1-0.997310-100.997390.0027=0.000323.

05

Part (c) Step 1: Given information

Normal distribution has a

Mean is4.5minutes

Standard deviation is0.9minutes.

06

Part (c) Step 2: Explanation

From the given values

With a mean of and a standard deviation of /nthe sample mean follows a normal distribution.

Thez-score is calculated by dividing the sample mean by the standard deviation:

localid="1650688607451" z=x-/n=5-4.50.9/101.76

Using table A, calculate the corresponding probability:

localid="1650688598819" P(X>5)=P(Z>1.76)=P(Z<-1.76)=0.0392.

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