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In the United States, there is a strong relationship between education and smoking: well-educated people are less likely to smoke. Does a similar relationship hold in France? To find out, researchers recorded the level of education and smoking status of a random sample of 459 French men aged 20 to 60 years. 11 The two-way table below displays the data.

(a) Is the relationship between smoking status and educational level statistically significant? Give appropriate evidence to support your answer.

(b) Which cell in the table contributes most to the relationship in part (a)? Justify your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified

a) There is sufficient evidence to support the claim of an association.

b) "Heavy"鈥"University"

Step by step solution

01

Given Information(Part a)

Need to find whether there is sufficient evidence to reject the distributor's claim.

02

Explanation(Part a)

Given counts:

The expected counts are the product of the column and row total, divided by the sample size of n=107 :

The value of the test statistic is thus:

2=(56-59.4815)259.4815++(16-24.3399)224.3399=13.305

The P-value is the probability of obtaining the value of the test statistic, or a value more extreme. The P-value is the number (or interval) in the column title of Table C containing the t-value in the row df=(r-1)(c-1)=(3-1)(4-1)=6

0.025<P<0.05

If the P-value is less than or equal to the significance level, then the null hypothesis is rejected:

P<0.05RejectH0

There is sufficient evidence to support the claim of an association.

03

Given Information(Part b)

Need to find Which cell in the table contributes most to the relationship in part (a)

04

Explanation(Part b)

The expected counts are the product of the column and row total, divided by the sample size of n=459

The value of the test statistic is thus:

2=(56-59.4815)259.4815++(16-24.3399)224.3399=0.204+0.186+0.044+0.092+1.177+0.700+0.641+1.693+2.704+1.865+1.141+2.858=13.305

The highest contribution is2.858which is of the "Heavy"-"University" group.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Representative sample? For a class project, a group of statistics students is required to take an SRS of students from their large high school to take part in a survey. The students鈥 sample consists of 54freshmen, 66sophomores, 56juniors, and 30seniors. The school roster shows that 29%of the students enrolled at the school are freshmen, 27%are sophomores, 25% are juniors, and 19% are seniors.

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