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Representative sample? For a class project, a group of statistics students is required to take an SRS of students from their large high school to take part in a survey. The students鈥 sample consists of 54freshmen, 66sophomores, 56juniors, and 30seniors. The school roster shows that 29%of the students enrolled at the school are freshmen, 27%are sophomores, 25% are juniors, and 19% are seniors.

(a) Construct a well-labeled bar graph that shows the distribution of grade levels (in percents) for the sample data. Do these data give you any reason to suspect that the statistics students鈥 sample is unusual? Explain. (b) Use an appropriate test to determine whether the sample data differ significantly from the actual distribution of students by grade level at the school.

Short Answer

Expert verified

a). The statistics sample seems unusual.

b). The sample distribution does not differ from the actual distribution.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1: Given Information

Percentage of freshman =29%.

Percentage of sophomores =27%.

Percentage of juniors =25%.

Percentage of seniors =19%.

Number of freshmen in a sample =54.

Number of sophomores in a sample =66.

Number of juniors in a sample =56.

Number of seniors in a sample =30.

02

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

Total number of students in a sample =54+66+56+30

=206.

Finding percentages:

Freshman: 54206100=26.21%.

Sophomores: 66206100=32.05%.

Juniors: 56206100=27.18%.

Seniors: 30206100=14.56%.

03

Part (a) Step 3: Explanation

Graph:

For sample data

Interpretation:

The preceding graph shows that the majority of students are in the sophomores and then juniors groups, however the claimed statistic indicates that the majority of students are in the freshman group.

04

Part (b) Step 1: Given Information

The school roster shows that 29% of the students enrolled at the school are freshmen, 27% are sophomores, 25% are juniors, and 19% are seniors.

05

Part (b) Step 2: Explanation

The expected count will be


E
Freshman2060.29=59.74
Sophomores2060.27=55.62
Juniors2060.25=51.5
Seniors2060.19=39.14

The observed (O) and expected (E) counts are


Expected (E) Observed (O)
Freshman59.74
54
Sophomores
55.62
66
Juniors
51.5
56
Seniors
39.14
30
06

Part (b) Step 3: Explanation

The null and alternate hypotheses are

H0:p1=0.29,

p2=0.27,

p3=0.25,

p4=0.19

H1: At least one of the proportions is not equal.

Test statistic

(54-59.74)259.74+(66-55.62)255.62+(56-51.5)251.5+(30-39.14)239.14~3

The test value is 5.016.

P value

P3>5.016=0.170629

Conclusion:

Because the p value is bigger than the significance level, there is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis at the 5%level of significance, leading to the conclusion that the actual and sample distributions are identical, and the sample data represents the real data.

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