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Chapter 10: Q. 9 (page 666)

How much more effective is exercise and drug treatment than drug treatment alone at reducing the rate of heart attacks among men aged 65and older? To find out, researchers perform a completely randomized experiment involving 1000healthy males in this age group. Half of the subjects are assigned to receive drug treatment only, while the other half are assigned to exercise regularly and to receive drug treatment. The most appropriate inference method for answering the original research question is

(a) one-sample z test for a proportion.

(b) two-sample z interval forp1-p2

(c) two-sample z test for p1-p2.

(d) two-sample t interval for 渭1-渭2.

(e) two-sample t-test for 渭1-渭2.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The most appropriate inference method for answering the original research question is option (b) two-sample z interval forp1-p2.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

Rate of heart attack among men is 65

Healthy males is 1000

02

Explanation

One proportion: one-sample z test/interval

Two proportions: two-sample z test/interval

One mean: one-sample t-test Two means: two-sample t-test/interval or paired t-test/interval/interval

Use a test if you want to test for a difference, equality, increase or decrease. Use an interval if you want to estimate an interval in which the true value lies.

Two-sample z interval for a proportion differencep1-p2.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Are teens or adults more likely to go online daily? The Pew Internet and American Life Project asked a random sample of 800 teens and a separate random sample of 2253 adults how often they use the Internet. In these two surveys, 63% of teens and 68%of adults said that they go online every day. Construct and interpret a 90% confidence interval for p1-p2?

A fast-food restaurant uses an automated filling machine to pour its soft drinks. The machine has different settings for small, medium, and large drink cups. According to the machine鈥檚 manufacturer, when the large setting is chosen, the amount of liquid dispensed by the machine follows a Normal distribution with mean 27ounces and standard deviation0.8ounces. When the medium setting is chosen, the amount of liquid dispensed follows a Normal distribution with mean 17ounces and standard deviation 0.5ounces. To test the manufacturer鈥檚 claim, the restaurant manager measures the amount of liquid in a random sample of 25cups filled with the medium setting and a separate random sample of 20cups filled with the large setting. Let x炉1-x炉2be the difference in the sample mean amount of liquid under the two settings (large 鈥� medium). Find the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution.

According to sleep researchers, if you are between the ages of 12and 18years old, you need 9hours of sleep to be fully functional. A simple random sample of 28students was chosen from a large high school, and these students were asked how much sleep they got the previous night. The mean of the responses was 7.9hours, with a standard deviation of 2.1hours.

Which of the following is the test statistic for the hypothesis test?

(a)t=7.9-92.128

(b)t=9-7.92.128

(c)t=7.9-92.128

(d)t=7.9-92.127

(e)t=9-7.92.127

Construct and interpret a 95%confidence interval for p1-p2 in Exercise 24. Explain what additional information the confidence interval provides.

43. Is red wine better than white wine? Observational studies suggest that moderate use of alcohol by adults reduces heart attacks and that red wine may have special benefits. One reason may be that red wine contains polyphenols, substances that do good things to cholesterol in the blood and so may reduce the risk of heart attacks. In an experiment, healthy men were assigned at random to drink half a bottle of either red or white wine each day for two weeks. The level of polyphenols in their blood was measured before and after the two-week period. Here are the percent
changes in level for the subjects in both groups:

(a) A Fathom dotplot of the data is shown below. Use the graph to answer these questions:

  • Are the centers of the two groups similar or different? Explain.
  • Are the spreads of the two groups similar or different? Explain.

(b) Construct and interpret a 90% confidence interval for the difference in mean percent change in polyphenol levels for the red wine and white wine treatments.
(c) Does the interval in part (b) suggest that red wine is more effective than white wine? Explain.

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