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Chapter 1: Q 1.18. (page 8)

In Exercises 1.17-1.22, state whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer in each case.

Do Left-Handers Die Earlier? According to a study published in the Journal of the American Public Health Association, left-handed people do not die at an earlier age than right-handed people, contrary to the conclusion of a highly publicized report done 2 years earlier. The investigation involved a 6-year study of 3800 people in East Boston older than age 65. Researchers at Harvard University and the National Institute of Aging found that the "lefties" and "righties" died at exactly the same rate. "There was no difference, period," said Dr. J. Guralnik, an epidemiologist at the institute and one of the coauthors of the report.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The given study is an observational study.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given information.

The given investigation is:

According to a study published in the Journal of the American Public Health Association, left-handed people do not die at an earlier age than right-handed people, contrary to the conclusion of a highly publicized report done 2 years earlier. The investigation involved a 6-year study of 3800 people in East Boston older than age 65. Researchers at Harvard University and the National Institute of Aging found that the "lefties" and "righties" died at exactly the same rate. "There was no difference, period," said Dr. J. Guralnik, an epidemiologist at the institute and one of the coauthors of the report.

02

Step 2. State whether the given investigation is an observational study or a designed experiment.

The observational study makes use of existing observational data. As in a sample survey, the investigators in this study observe the characteristics of the provided requirements and gather the data.

According to the research.

The researchers compared the fatalities of left-handed people with right-handed people in a two-year study of 3800 people in East Boston over the age of 65. The investigators look at previous data (which already exists) to identify earlier deaf people and right-handed people.

Therefore, the given study is an observational study.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Peanut Allergies. In the article " Food Allergy Advice May Be Peanuts " (Science News, Vol . 174, No. 12, pp . 8-9), N. Seppa reports that early exposure to peanuts seems to lessen the risk of nut allergy. Of 4000 Jewish children sampled in Britain, 1.85 % had peanut allergies; and of 4600 Jewish children sampled in Israel, where early peanut consumption is more common, 0.17 % had peanut allergies. The researcher chose Jewish children in both countries to limit genetic differences between groups.

(a) Is this study descriptive or inferential?

(b) Is this study observational or experimental?

Immunization of Schoolchildren. In the article, "Reasons for Non - uptake of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Catch Up Immunisation in a Measles Epidemic and Side Effects of the Vaccine" (British Medical Journal,Vol. 310, pp. 1629-1632), R. Roberts et al . discussed a follow-up survey to examine why almost 10,000 children, ages 11-15, whose records showed no previous immunization were not immunized. In the survey, 10 of the 46 schools participating in the immunization campaign were randomly chosen and then the parents of all the nonimmunized children at the 10 selected schools were sent a questionnaire. What type of sampling design was used by these authors in their survey? Explain your answer.

In Exercises 1.92-1.97, we present descriptions of designed experiments. In each case, identify the

(a) experimental units

(b) response variable

(c) factor (s)

(d) levels of each factor:-

(e) treatments.

Increasing Unit Sales. Supermarkets are interested in strategies to increase temporarily the unit sales of a product. In one study, researchers compared the effect of display type and price on unit sales for a particular product. The following display types and pricing schemes were employed.

  • Display types: normal display space interior to an aisle, normal display space at the end of an aisle, and enlarged display space.
  • Pricing schemes: regular price, reduced price, and cost.

In a designed experiment, there are two factors, say, Factor Aand Factor B. Factor Ahas four levels, say, a1,a2,a3anda4; Factor B has two levels, say,b1andb2.

(a) Construct a schematic for the treatments similar to Table 1.8 on page 27.

(b) Use part ( a ) to determine the number of treatments.

(c) Could you have determined the answer for part ( b ) without constructing the schematic in part ( a )? Explain your answer.

Big-Banks Break-up. A nationwide survey of 1000 U.S. adults, conducted in March 2013 by Rasmussen Reports (field work by Pulse Opinion Research, LLC), found that 50% of respondents favored a plan to break up the 12 megabanks, which then controlled about 69% of the banking industry.

(a) Identify the population and sample for this study.

(b) Is the percentage provided a descriptive statistic or an inferential statistic? Explain your answer.
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