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Exercises 1鈥5 refer to the sample data in the following table, which summarizes the last digits of the heights (cm) of 300 randomly selected subjects (from Data Set 1 鈥淏ody Data鈥 in Appendix B). Assume that we want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the data are from a population having the property that the last digits are all equally likely.

Last Digit

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Frequency

30

35

24

25

35

36

37

27

27

24

When testing the claim in Exercise 1, what are the observed and expected frequencies for the last digit of 7?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The observed frequency for the last digit of 7 is equal to 27.

The expected frequency for the last digit of 7 is equal to 30.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

The last digits of the heights of a sample of people are tabulated along with their respective frequencies.

02

Observed and expected frequencies

The observed frequency corresponding to a particular digit is the same as the frequency tabulated in the question.

Thus, the observed frequency for digit 7 is equal to 27.

The expected frequency corresponding to any digit is computed using the given formula:

\(E = \frac{n}{k}\)

where

n is the sum of all frequencies

k is the number of digits given

The sum of all frequencies is equal to:

\(\begin{aligned}{c}n = 30 + 35 + ......24\\ = 300\end{aligned}\)

The number of digits considered (k) is equal to 10.

Thus, the expected frequency for the last digit of 7 (same for all digits) is computed as follows:

\(\begin{aligned}{c}E = \frac{n}{k}\\ = \frac{{300}}{{10}}\\ = 30\end{aligned}\)

Therefore, the expected frequency for the last digit of 7 is equal to 30.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Police Calls The police department in Madison, Connecticut, released the following numbers of calls for the different days of the week during February that had 28 days: Monday (114); Tuesday (152); Wednesday (160); Thursday (164); Friday (179); Saturday (196); Sunday (130). Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the different days of the week have the same frequencies of police calls. Is there anything notable about the observed frequencies?

Exercises 1鈥5 refer to the sample data in the following table, which summarizes the last digits of the heights (cm) of 300 randomly selected subjects (from Data Set 1 鈥淏ody Data鈥 in Appendix B). Assume that we want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the data are from a population having the property that the last digits are all equally likely.

Last Digit

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Frequency

30

35

24

25

35

36

37

27

27

24

Is the hypothesis test left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed?

In a study of high school students at least 16 years of age,

researchers obtained survey results summarized in the accompanying table (based on data from 鈥淭exting While Driving and Other Risky Motor Vehicle Behaviors Among U.S. High School Students,鈥 by O鈥橫alley, Shults, and Eaton, Pediatrics,Vol. 131, No. 6). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim of independence between texting while driving and irregular seat belt use. Are those two risky behaviors independent of each other?


Irregular Seat Belt Use?


Yes

No

Texted while driving

1737

2048

No Texting while driving

1945

2775

Exercises 1鈥5 refer to the sample data in the following table, which summarizes the last digits of the heights (cm) of 300 randomly selected subjects (from Data Set 1 鈥淏ody Data鈥 in Appendix B). Assume that we want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the data are from a population having the property that the last digits are all equally likely.

Last Digit

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Frequency

30

35

24

25

35

36

37

27

27

24

Given that the P-value for the hypothesis test is 0.501, what do you conclude? Does it appear that the heights were obtained through measurement or that the subjects reported their heights?

In Exercises 1鈥4, use the following listed arrival delay times (minutes) for American Airline flights from New York to Los Angeles. Negative values correspond to flights that arrived early. Also shown are the SPSS results for analysis of variance. Assume that we plan to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the different flights have the same mean arrival delay time.

Flight 1

-32

-25

-26

-6

5

-15

-17

-36

Flight 19

-5

-32

-13

-9

-19

49

-30

-23

Flight 21

-23

28

103

-19

-5

-46

13

-3

P-Value If we use a 0.05 significance level in analysis of variance with the sample data given in Exercise 1, what is the P-value? What should we conclude? If a passenger abhors late flight arrivals, can that passenger be helped by selecting one of the flights?

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