Chapter 0: Q7E (page 11)
How long does the recursive multiplication algorithm (page 25) take to multiply an n -bit number by an m -bit number? Justify your answer.
Short Answer
The recursive multiplication algorithm takes time.
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Chapter 0: Q7E (page 11)
How long does the recursive multiplication algorithm (page 25) take to multiply an n -bit number by an m -bit number? Justify your answer.
The recursive multiplication algorithm takes time.
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Show that any array of integers can be sorted in O (n + M) time, where
role="math" localid="1659938331794"
For small M, this is linear time: why doesn鈥檛 the lower bound apply in this case?
is one of the famous 鈥淏ell states,鈥 a highly entangled state of its two qubits. In this question we examine some of its strange properties. (a) Suppose this Bell state could be decomposed as the (tensor) product of two qubits (recall the box on page ), the first in state and the second in state. Write four equations that the amplitudes must satisfy. Conclude that the Bell state cannot be so decomposed.
(b) What is the result of measuring the first qubit of ?
(c) What is the result of measuring the second qubit after measuring the first qubit? (d) If the two qubits in state are very far from each other, can you see why the answer to (c) is surprising?
Question: An Eulerian tourin an undirected graph is a cycle that is allowed to pass through each vertex multiple times, but must use each edge exactly once.
This simple concept was used by Euler in to solve the famous Konigsberg bridge problem, which launched the field of graph theory. The city of Konigsberg (now called Kaliningrad, in western Russia) is the meeting point of two rivers with a small island in the middle. There are seven bridges across the rivers, and a popular recreational question of the time was to determine whether it is possible to perform a tour in which each bridge is crossed exactly once. Euler formulated the relevant information as a graph with four nodes (denoting land masses) and seven edges (denoting bridges), as shown here.

Notice an unusual feature of this problem: multiple edges between certain pairs of nodes.
(a) Show that an undirected graph has an Eulerian tour if and only if all its vertices have even degree. Conclude that there is no Eulerian tour of the Konigsberg bridges.
(b) An Eulerian pathis a path which uses each edge exactly once. Can you give a similar if-and-only-if characterization of which undirected graphs have Eulerian paths?
(c) Can you give an analog of part (a) for directedgraphs?
Alice wants to throw a party and is deciding whom to call. She has n people to choose from, and she has made up a list of which pairs of these people know each other. She wants to pick as many people as possible, subject to two constraints: at the party, each person should have at least five other people whom they know and five other people whom they don鈥檛 know. Give an efficient algorithm that takes as input the list of n people and the list of pairs who know each other and outputs the best choice of party invitees. Give the running time in terms of n
Question: 0.1. In each of the following situations, indicate whether or both (in which case

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