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18-8: What is an absorption spectrum?

Short Answer

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The absorption spectrum of a chemical is the part of the incident radiation that the substance hasabsorbedin a certain frequency range. The absorption spectrum is primarily determined by theatomic and molecularcomposition of the chemical. It is a graph of absorbance versus wavelength.

Step by step solution

01

Principle of the Absorption spectrum

Atomic Absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is based upon the principle that free atoms in the ground state can absorb light of a certain wavelength. Absorption for each element is specific, no other elements absorb this wavelength

02

Example of Absorption spectrum

The pattern of absorption lines in a spectrum is diagnostic of the types of atoms and molecules present, for example, in the surface layers of a star or the atmosphere of a planet. Absorption lines are seen in the spectra of the Sun and other stars.

03

 Step 3: Uses of absorption spectrum

Agriculture– analyzing soil and plants for minerals necessary for growth

Environmental Study– determination of heavy metals in water, soil, and air

Food Industry– quality assurance and testing for contamination

Forensic’s – substance identification

Mining– testing the concentration of valuable substances in potential mining areas

Nuclear Energy– monitoring potentially hazardous elements in water and waste output

Petrochemical– analyzing products for metals and other substances that can have adverse affects such as oil and gas

Pharmaceutical– many applications from quality control to detecting impurities in drugs

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) A 3.96×10-4Msolution of compound A exhibited an absorbance of 0.624 at 238nmin a 1.000 cmcuvet; a blank solution containing only solvent had an absorbance of 0.029at the same wavelength. Find the molar absorptivity of compound A.

(b) The absorbance of an unknown solution of compound A in the same solvent and cuvet was 0.375 at 238 nm. Find the concentration of A in the unknown.

(c) A concentrated solution of compound A in the same solvent was diluted from an initial volume ofto a final volume of 25.00mLand then had an absorbance of 0.733. What is the concentration of A in the concentrated solution?

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You have been sent to India to investigate the occurrence ofgoiter disease attributed to iodine deficiency. As part of your investigation, you must make field measurements of traces of iodide I2in groundwater. The procedure is to I2 into an intensely colored complex with the dye brilliant green inthe organic solvent toluene.

(a)A 3.15×10-6Msolution of the colored complex exhibited an absorbance of 0.267 at 635nmin a 1.00 - cm cuvet. A blank solution made from distilled water in place of groundwater had an absorbance of 0.019 . Find the molar absorptivity of the coloredcomplex.

(b) The absorbance of an unknown solution prepared from groundwater was0.175. Find the concentration of the unknown.

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