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Chapter 16: Q55P (page 792)

Rank the following compounds from most reactive to least reactive towards nucleophilic addition.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The carbonyl compounds are organic compounds that are electron deficient and can undergo nucleophilic addition easily. The higher basic nucleophiles undergo nucleophilic addition very easily. The aldehydes and ketones are the highly reactive carbonyl compounds.

Step by step solution

01

Step-by-Step Solution Step 1: Nucleophilic addition

The carbonyl compounds are organic compounds that are electron deficient and can undergo nucleophilic addition easily. The higher basic nucleophiles undergo nucleophilic addition very easily. The aldehydes and ketones are the highly reactive carbonyl compounds.

02

Order of reactivity

The correct order of reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards nucleophilic addition is given below.

03

Explanation

The higher the steric hindrance of organic compounds, lower will be the reactivity. Here the carbonyl centre is the reaction site and higher is the steric hindrance towards the carbonyl centre and the compounds become least reactive.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

List three different sets of reagents (each set consisting of a carbonyl compound and a Grignard reagent) that could be used to prepare each of the following tertiary alcohols

The pKa of protonated acetone is about -7.5, and the pKa of protonated hydroxylamine is 6.0.

a. In a reaction with hydroxylamine at pH 4.5 (Figure 16.2), what fraction of acetone is present in its acidic, protonated form? (Hint: See Section 2.10.)

b. In a reaction with hydroxylamine at pH 1.5, what fraction of acetone is present in its acidic, protonated form?

c. In a reaction with acetone at pH 1.5 (Figure 16.2), what fraction of hydroxylamine is present in its reactive basic form?

What is the product of each of the following reactions?

Which ketone forms the most hydrate in an aqueous solution?

Draw the structure for each of the following:

a. isobutyraldehyde

b. 4-hexenal

c. diisopentyl ketone

d. 3-methylcyclohexanone

e. 2,4-pentanedione

f. 4-bromo-3-heptanone

g. 纬-bromocaproaldehyde

h. 2-ethylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde

i. 4-methyl-5-oxohexanal
See all solutions

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