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The polar molecules are those which have a partial charge separation and a net dipole moment. Mainly those bonds which have a high difference in electronegativity are polar molecules. It is also called the hydrophilic group.

Example: \({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O}}\) molecule

The nonpolar molecules are those which have no permanent dipole moment and have no electronegativity difference between the atoms. It is also called a hydrophobic group.

Example: benzene molecule

Solubility is defined as the solvation of a compound in a particular solvent.

Polar molecules are soluble in a polar solvent and non-polar molecules are soluble in a non-polar solvent.

A compound will be polar if there is a functional unit that has a permanent dipole moment. In the presence of both polar and nonpolar units, the presence of a greater number of a particular group dominates the nature of the compound.

If a compound has a longer hydrophobic group than a hydrophilic one, it will be a non-polar group and vice versa for the polar group.

To penetrate a nonpolar membrane, the compound should be non-polar due to the 鈥渓ike solvent like鈥� rule of solubility of a particular compound. In the given compounds, both of them have the same no of polar C = 0 group, but as hexethal has a longer hydrophobic chain than barbital, the former is more non-polar in nature and penetrates more to be a more effective sedative.