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Predict the products of the reactions of the following compounds with:

(1) chromic acid or excess sodium hypochlorite with acetic acid.

(2)PCC or NaOCl (1 equivalent) with TEMPO.

(a)cyclohexanol (b)1-methylcyclohexanol

(c)cyclopentylmethanol (d)cyclohexanone

(e)cyclohexane (f)1-phenylpropan-1-ol

(g)hexan-1-ol (h)acetaldehyde, CH3CHO

Short Answer

Expert verified

Primary alcohols get oxidized to aldehydes using sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl) with TEMPO. The use of the excess of reagent NaOCl with TEMPO can oxidize alcohols into carboxylic acids.

Step by step solution

01

The use of NaOCl and TEMPO as the reagent for oxidation

Primary alcohols get oxidized to aldehydes using sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl) with TEMPO. The use of the excess of reagent NaOCl with TEMPO can oxidize alcohols into carboxylic acids.

02

The use of chromic acid as the reagent for oxidation

Primary alcohols can be converted into aldehydes by using pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) as the reagent. Secondary alcohols can also be oxidized to ketones using this reagent.

03

Products formed when the given starting material undergoes oxidation with the given reagents

(a)The reaction of cyclohexanol with PCC or NaOCl, TEMPO and H2CrO4 or NaOCl/HOAc produces cyclohexanone as the product. The reaction can be given as:

Reaction of cyclohexanol with various reagents

(b)The reaction of 1-methyl cyclohexanol with PCC or NaOCl, TEMPO and H2CrO4 or NaOCl/HOAc creates no products. The reaction can be given as:

Reaction of 1-methylcyclohexanol with various reagents

(c)The reaction of cyclopentylmethanol with PCC or NaOCl, TEMPO produces cyclopentanal as the product. Cyclopentylmethanol reacts with H2CrO4 or NaOCl/HOAc creating cyclopentanoic acid as the product. The reaction can be given as:

Reaction of cyclopentylmethanol with various reagents

(d) The reaction of cyclohexanone with PCC or NaOCl, TEMPO and H2CrO4 or NaOCl/HOAc creates no products. The reaction can be given as:

Reaction of cyclohexanone with various reagents

(e) The reaction of cyclohexane with PCC or NaOCl, TEMPO and H2CrO4 or NaOCl/HOAc creates no products. The reaction can be given as:

Reaction of cyclohexane with various reagents

(f)1-phenylpropan-1-ol with PCC or NaOCl, TEMPO and H2CrO4 or NaOCl/HOAc generates 1-phenylpropan-1-one as the product.

Reaction of 1-phenylpropan-1-ol with various reagents

(g)Hexan-1-ol with PCC or NaOCl, TEMPO generates hexan-1-one as the product. The treatment of Hexan-1-ol with H2CrO4 or NaOCl/HOAc generates hexan-1-oic acid as the product. The reaction can be given as:

Reaction of Hexan-1-ol with various reagents

(h)The reaction of acetaldehyde with PCC produces no products. The reaction of acetaldehyde with NaOCl/TEMPO generates ethanoic acid as the product. Acetaldehyde reacts with H2CrO4 or NaOCl/HOAc generating ethanoic acid as the product. The reaction can be given as:

Reaction of acetaldehyde with various reagents

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Show how you would synthesize the following compound. As starting materials, you may use any alcohols containing five or fewer carbon atoms and any necessary solvents and inorganic reagents.

We have covered several oxidants that use a multi-valent atom (Cr, Cl, S, or I) as their active species, going from a higher oxidation state before the oxidation to a lower oxidation state after oxidizing the alcohol. Draw the structure of the following atoms, before and after the oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone or aldehyde. How many bonds to oxygen does each atom have before and after the oxidation?

(a) the Cr in chromic acid

(b) the Cl in sodium hypochlorite

(c) the S in the Swern oxidation

(d) the I in the DMP reagent

(e)the carbinol C in the alcohol that is oxidized.

The following pseudo-syntheses (guaranteed not to work) exemplify a common conceptual error.

(a)What is the conceptual error implicit in these syntheses?

(b)Propose syntheses that are more likely to succeed.

Compound A is an optically active alcohol. Treatment with chromic acid converts A into a ketone, B. In a separate reaction, A is treated with PBr3, converting A into compound C. Compound C is purified, and then it is allowed to react with magnesium in ether to give a Grignard reagent, D. Compound B is added to the resulting solution of the Grignard reagent. After hydrolysis of the initial product (E), this solution is found to contain 3,4 dimethylhexan-3-ol. Propose structures for compounds A, B, C, D, and E.

When cis-2-methylcyclohexanol reacts with the Lucas reagent, the major product is 1-chloro-1-methylcyclohexane. Propose a mechanism to explain the formation of this product.

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