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Chapter 6: Problem 3

What are the units for energy commonly employed in chemistry?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The commonly employed units for measuring energy in chemistry include Joules, calories, and electronvolts.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying Energy Units

Energy is a fundamental concept in the field of chemistry and it has several units of measurement. There are three key units that are commonly used for measuring energy in chemistry.
02

Introduction to Joules

The standard unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the Joule, which is used to measure energy in general across several scientific disciplines, including chemistry. It is denoted by the symbol 'J'.
03

Introduction to Calories

Another unit that is often used in chemistry, especially in the context of thermochemistry and nutritional contexts, is the calorie. A calorie is an older unit that shows the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. Keep in mind that it is not an SI unit, but it's widely used. Further, in the scientific context 1 calorie equals 4.184 Joules.
04

Introduction to Electronvolts

The electronvolt is another unit commonly used in chemistry, especially in the field of quantum chemistry and atomic physics. The electronvolt is the amount of kinetic energy gained or lost by a single electron accelerating from rest through an electric potential difference of one volt. It is also a non-SI unit. In terms of Joules, one electronvolt equals approximately \(1.602 \times 10^{-19}\) Joules.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Producer gas (carbon monoxide) is prepared by passing air over red-hot coke: $$ \mathrm{C}(s)+\frac{1}{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}(g) $$ Water gas (mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) is prepared by passing steam over red-hot coke: $$ \mathrm{C}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) $$ For many years, both producer gas and water gas were used as fuels in industry and for domestic cooking. The large-scale preparation of these gases was carried out alternately, that is, first producer gas, then water gas, and so on. Using thermochemical reasoning, explain why this procedure was chosen.

Explain the meaning of this thermochemical equation: $$ \begin{aligned} 4 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)+5 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 4 \mathrm{NO}(g) &+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g) \\ \Delta H=&-904 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \end{aligned} $$

Methanol \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\right)\) is an organic solvent and is also used as a fuel in some automobile engines. From the following data, calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of methanol: $$ \begin{aligned} 2 \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}(l)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \\ \Delta H_{\mathrm{rxn}}^{\circ}=-1452.8 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \end{aligned} $$

A 0.1375 -g sample of solid magnesium is burned in a constant-volume bomb calorimeter that has a heat capacity of \(3024 \mathrm{~J} /{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The temperature increases by \(1.126^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Calculate the heat given off by the burning \(\mathrm{Mg}\), in \(\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{g}\) and in \(\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\).

Consider two metals A and B, each having a mass of \(100 \mathrm{~g}\) and an initial temperature of \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The specific heat of \(A\) is larger than that of \(B\). Under the same heating conditions, which metal would take longer to reach a temperature of \(21^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\)
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