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Chapter 6: Problem 9

Describe two exothermic processes and two endothermic processes.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Two exothermic processes are combustion (such as burning wood) and respiration. This is because these processes release heat to the surroundings. Two endothermic processes are photosynthesis and evaporation, since these processes absorb heat from their surroundings.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Examples of Exothermic Processes

First, we'll identify two examples of exothermic processes: 1. Combustion: This is a chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen to produce energy in the form of heat. An example would be burning wood in a fireplace. 2. Respiration: This is the process by which the cells in our body produce energy. It's an exothermic reaction because it releases heat as a by-product, keeping our bodies warm.
02

Identify Examples of Endothermic Processes

Next, we'll identify two examples of endothermic processes: 1. Photosynthesis: This is the process by which plants, some bacteria and protists produce food. They absorb energy in the form of sunlight, and convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. 2. Evaporation: This is the process by which liquid water turns into water vapour. Energy is absorbed from the surroundings to provide the molecules in the liquid with the heat energy they need to escape into the gas state.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A 1.00 -mole sample of ammonia at 14.0 atm and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) in a cylinder fitted with a movable piston \(\mathrm{ex}\) pands against a constant external pressure of 1.00 atm. At equilibrium, the pressure and volume of the gas are 1.00 atm and 23.5 L, respectively. (a) Calculate the final temperature of the sample. (b) Calculate \(q, w,\) and \(\Delta E\) for the process. The specific heat of ammonia is \(0.0258 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{g} \cdot{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

Ice at \(0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is placed in a Styrofoam cup containing \(361 \mathrm{~g}\) of a soft drink at \(23^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The specific heat of the drink is about the same as that of water. Some ice remains after the ice and soft drink reach an equilibrium temperature of \(0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Determine the mass of ice that has melted. Ignore the heat capacity of the cup. (Hint: It takes 334 J to melt \(1 \mathrm{~g}\) of ice at \(\left.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .\right)\)

A quantity of \(2.00 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.862 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}\) is mixed with \(2.00 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.431 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) in a constant-pressure calorimeter of negligible heat capacity. The initial temperature of the \(\mathrm{HCl}\) and \(\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) solutions is the same at \(20.48^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). For the process $$ \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) $$ the heat of neutralization is \(-56.2 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). What is the final temperature of the mixed solution?

Methanol \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\right)\) is an organic solvent and is also used as a fuel in some automobile engines. From the following data, calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of methanol: $$ \begin{aligned} 2 \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}(l)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \\ \Delta H_{\mathrm{rxn}}^{\circ}=-1452.8 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \end{aligned} $$

Producer gas (carbon monoxide) is prepared by passing air over red-hot coke: $$ \mathrm{C}(s)+\frac{1}{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}(g) $$ Water gas (mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) is prepared by passing steam over red-hot coke: $$ \mathrm{C}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) $$ For many years, both producer gas and water gas were used as fuels in industry and for domestic cooking. The large-scale preparation of these gases was carried out alternately, that is, first producer gas, then water gas, and so on. Using thermochemical reasoning, explain why this procedure was chosen.
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