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Chapter 6: Problem 12

Explain what is meant by a state function. Give two examples of quantities that are state functions and two that are not.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A state function is a property that only depends on the current state of a system, not how the system achieved that state. Examples of state functions include internal energy and entropy. In contrast, non-state functions like work and heat depend on the path undertaken by the system to reach its current state.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Concept

A state function, in physics and thermodynamics, refers to a property that depends only on the current equilibrium state or condition of a system, and not on the path by which the system arrived at that state. This means that no matter how a system changes from one state to another, if those beginning and ending states are identical, the value of the state function for those two states will also be the same.
02

Examples of State Functions

Two examples of state functions are internal energy and entropy of a system: 1. Internal energy (\( E \)): It's a state function because it depends only on the state of the system at that moment and not how it got to that state. 2. Entropy (\( S \)): This thermodynamic property measures the level of disorder of a system and is also a state function. It doesn't matter how a system arrived at its current state; the level of disorder in that state will always be the same.
03

Examples of Non-State Functions

Two examples of quantities that are not state functions are work and heat: 1. Work (\( W \)): The work done on or by a system depends on the path taken and so it's not a state function. 2. Heat (\( Q \)): The amount of heat absorbed or released is not a state function as different paths (fast heating versus slow, for instance) can change the overall amount of heat exchanged.

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