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Chapter 6: Problem 2

What is heat? How does heat differ from thermal energy? Under what condition is heat transferred from one system to another?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Heat is energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one due to a temperature difference, while thermal energy is the total kinetic and potential energy of an object's particles. Heat is transferred from one system to another when there's a temperature difference between them, with the transfer continuing until the two systems reach thermal equilibrium.

Step by step solution

01

Define Heat

Heat is a form of energy that is transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one. It is always transferred due to a temperature difference and tends to equalize the temperature difference.
02

Define Thermal Energy

Thermal energy is the total kinetic (motion-based) and potential energy of the particles in an object. It corresponds to how much movement and vibration the particles of the object have.
03

Distinguish Between Heat and Thermal Energy

Although both are forms of energy, heat and thermal energy are distinct from each other. Thermal energy is dependent on the temperature, mass, and type of object, while heat is the transfer of this energy from a warmer object to a cooler one.
04

Identify Conditions for Heat Transfer

Heat is transferred from one system to another until the two systems arrive at the same temperature, a condition known as thermal equilibrium. The transfer occurs from the system with higher temperature to the one with lower temperature. It can occur through one of three mechanisms - conduction, convection, or radiation - depending on the nature of the systems involved.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

These are various forms of energy: chemical, heat, light, mechanical, and electrical. Suggest ways of interconverting these forms of energy.

Predict the value of \(\Delta H_{\mathrm{f}}^{\circ}\) (greater than, less than, or equal to zero) for these elements at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) : (a) \(\mathrm{Br}_{2}(g)\) and \(\mathrm{Br}_{2}(l)\) (b) \(\mathrm{I}_{2}(g)\) and \(\mathrm{I}_{2}(s)\)

The internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature. Do a first-law analysis of this process. A sample of an ideal gas is allowed to expand at constant temperature against atmospheric pressure. (a) Does the gas do work on its surroundings? (b) Is there heat exchange between the system and the surroundings? If so, in which direction? (c) What is \(\Delta E\) for the gas for this process?

Calculate the internal energy of a Goodyear blimp filled with helium gas at \(1.2 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~Pa}\). The volume of the blimp is \(5.5 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~m}^{3} .\) If all the energy were used to heat 10.0 tons of copper at \(21^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) calculate the final temperature of the metal. (Hint: See Section 5.6 for help in calculating the internal energy of a gas. 1 ton \(\left.=9.072 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~g} .\right)\)

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