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Chapter 4: Q22E (page 218)

Complete and balance the following acid-base equations:

(a) A solution ofHClO4 is added to a solution of LiOH

(b) AqueousH2SO4 reacts withNaOH

(c)Ba(OH)2reacts withHF gas.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a)\(HCl{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + LiOH\left( {aq} \right) \to LiCl{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right)\)

(b) \({H_2}S{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + 2NaOH\left( {aq} \right) \to N{a_2}S{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + 2{H_2}O\left( l \right)\)

(c)\(Ba{\left( {OH} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right) + 2HF\left( g \right) \to Ba{F_2}\left( s \right) + 2{H_2}O\)

Step by step solution

01

Formation of lithium perchlorate salt

First balance the lithium atom and the perchlorate ion, followed by the hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

\(HCl{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + LiOH\left( {aq} \right) \to LiCl{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right)\)

Use the balancing table to check:

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

Li

1x1

1x1

1=1

Cl

1x1

1x1

1=1

H

1x1+1x1

1x2

2=2

O

1x4+1x1

1x4+1x1

5=5

02

Formation of sodium sulfate salt

First balance the sodium atoms and the sulfate ions, followed by the hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

\({H_2}S{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + 2NaOH\left( {aq} \right) \to N{a_2}S{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + 2{H_2}O\left( l \right)\)

Use the balancing table to check:

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

Na

2x1

1x2

2=2

S

1x1

1x1

1=1

H

1x2+2x1

2x2

4=4

O

1x4+2x1

1x4+2x1

6=6

03

 Step 3: Formation of barium fluoride salt

First balance the barium and fluorine atoms, followed by the hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

\(Ba{\left( {OH} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right) + 2HF\left( g \right) \to Ba{F_2}\left( s \right) + 2{H_2}O\)

Use the balancing table to check:

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

Ba

1x1

1x1

1=1

F

2x1

1x2

2=2

H

1x2+2x1

2x2

4=4

O

1x2

2x1

2=2

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Balance the following equations:

\(\begin{array}{l}\left( a \right)\,Ag\left( s \right) + {H_2}S\left( g \right) + {O_2}\left( g \right) \to A{g_2}S\left( s \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right)\\\left( b \right)\,{P_4}\left( s \right) + {O_2}\left( g \right) \to {P_4}{O_{10}}\left( s \right)\\\left( c \right)\,Pb\left( s \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right) + {O_2}\left( g \right) \to Pb{\left( {OH} \right)_2}\left( s \right)\\\left( d \right)\,Fe\left( s \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right) \to F{e_3}{O_4}\left( s \right) + {H_2}\left( g \right)\\\left( e \right)\,S{c_2}{O_3}\left( s \right) + S{O_3}\left( g \right) \to S{c_2}{\left( {S{O_4}} \right)_3}\left( s \right)\\\left( f \right)\,C{a_3}{\left( {P{O_4}} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right) + {H_3}P{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) \to Ca{\left( {{H_2}P{O_4}} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right)\\\left( g \right)\,Al\left( s \right) + {H_2}S{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) \to A{l_2}{\left( {S{O_4}} \right)_3}\left( s \right) + {H_2}\left( g \right)\\\left( h \right)\,TiC{l_4}\left( s \right) + {H_2}O\left( g \right) \to Ti{O_2}\left( s \right) + HCl\left( g \right)\end{array}\)

Write a balanced equation describing each of the following chemical reactions.

(a) Solid potassium chlorate, KClO3 decomposes to form solid potassium chloride and diatomic oxygen gas

(b) Solid aluminium metal reacts with solid diatomic iodine to form solid Al2I6

(c) When solid sodium chloride is added to aqueous sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride gas and aqueous sodium sulfate are produced.

(d) Aqueous solutions of phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide react to produce aqueous potassium dihydrogen phosphate and liquid water.

Which is the limiting reactant when 5.00 g of H2 and 10 g of O2 react to form water?

Write a balanced equation for the decomposition of ammonium nitrate to form molecular nitrogen, molecular oxygen and water. (Hint Balance oxygen last, since it is present in more than one molecule on the right side of the equation)

Titration of a 20.0-mL sample of acid rain required 1.7 mL of 0.0811MNaOH to reach the end point. If we assume that the acidity of the rain is due to the presence of sulfuric acid, what was the concentration of sulfuric acid in this sample of rain?
See all solutions

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