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Chapter 4: Q6 E (page 214)

Write a balanced equation describing each of the following chemical reactions.

(a) Solid potassium chlorate, KClO3 decomposes to form solid potassium chloride and diatomic oxygen gas

(b) Solid aluminium metal reacts with solid diatomic iodine to form solid Al2I6

(c) When solid sodium chloride is added to aqueous sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride gas and aqueous sodium sulfate are produced.

(d) Aqueous solutions of phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide react to produce aqueous potassium dihydrogen phosphate and liquid water.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The balanced equations for the chemical reactions are as follows:

(a) \(2KCl{O_3}\left( s \right) \to 2KCl\left( s \right) + 3{O_2}\left( g \right)\)

(b) \(2Al\left( s \right) + 3{I_2}\left( s \right) \to A{l_2}{I_6}\left( s \right)\)

(c) \(2NaCl\left( s \right) + {H_2}S{O_4}(aq) \to 2HCl\left( g \right) + N{a_2}S{O_4}\left( {aq} \right)\)

(d) \({H_3}P{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + KOH\left( {aq} \right) \to K{H_2}P{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right)\)

Step by step solution

01

Balanced equation for decomposition of potassium chlorate

The balanced equation is as represented below:

\(2KCl{O_3}\left( s \right) \to 2KCl\left( s \right) + 3{O_2}\left( g \right)\)

Draw the balancing table using the coefficients and subscripts of the formulae.

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

K

2脳1

2脳1

2=2

Cl

2脳1

2脳1

2=2

O

2脳3

3脳2

6=6

02

Balanced equation for reaction of aluminium with iodine

The balanced equation is as represented below:

\(2Al\left( s \right) + 3{I_2}\left( s \right) \to A{l_2}{I_6}\left( s \right)\)

Draw the balancing table using the coefficients and subscripts of the reaction formulae.

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

Al

2脳1

1脳2

2=2

I

3脳2

1脳6

6=6

03

Balanced equation for reaction of sodium chloride with sulfuric acid

The balanced reaction is as given below:

\(2NaCl\left( s \right) + {H_2}S{O_4}(aq) \to 2HCl\left( g \right) + N{a_2}S{O_4}\left( {aq} \right)\)

Draw the balancing table using the coefficients and subscripts of the reaction formulae.

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

Na

2脳1

1脳2

2=2

Cl

2脳1

2脳1

2=2

S

1脳1

1脳1

1=1

H

1脳2

2脳1

2=2

O

1脳4

1脳4

4=4

04

Balanced equation for reaction of phosphoric acid with potassium hydroxide

The balanced reaction is as given below:

\({H_3}P{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + KOH\left( {aq} \right) \to K{H_2}P{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right)\)

Draw the balancing table using the coefficients and subscripts of the reaction formulae.

Element

Reactant

Product

Balanced? yes

K

1脳1

1脳1

1=1

P

1脳1

1脳1

1=1

H

1脳3+1脳1

1脳2+1脳2

4=4

O

1脳4+1脳1

1脳4+1脳1

5=5

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What mass of Ca(OH)2 will react with 25.0 g of propionic acid to form the preservative calcium propionate according to the equation?

Classify the following as acid-base reaction or oxidation-reduction reactions.

(a)\(N{a_2}S\left( {aq} \right) + 2HCl\left( {aq} \right) \to 2NaCl\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}S\left( g \right)\)

(b)\(2Na\left( s \right) + 2HCl\left( {aq} \right) \to 2NaCl\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}\left( g \right)\)

(c)\(Mg\left( s \right) + C{l_2}\left( g \right) \to MgC{l_2}\left( s \right)\)

(d)\(MgO\left( s \right) + 2HCl\left( {aq} \right) \to MgC{l_2}\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right)\)

(e)\({K_3}P\left( s \right) + 2{O_2}\left( g \right) \to {K_3}P{O_4}\left( s \right)\)

(f)\(3KOH\left( {aq} \right) + {H_3}P{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) \to {K_3}P{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + 3{H_2}O\left( l \right)\)

Potassium acid phthalate, KHC6H4O4or KHP, is used in many laboratories, including general chemistry laboratories, to standardize solutions of base. KHP is one of only a few stable solid acids that can be dried by warming and weighed. A 0.3420-g sample of KHC6H4O4 reacts with 35.73 mL of a NaOH solution in a titration. What is the molar concentration of the NaOH?

\({\rm{KH}}{{\rm{C}}_6}{{\rm{H}}_4}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ + NaO}}{{\rm{H}}_{({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ }} \to {\rm{ KNa}}{{\rm{C}}_6}{{\rm{H}}_4}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{H}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_{({\rm{aq}})}}\)

The principal component of mothballs is naphthalene, a compound with a molecular mass of about 130 amu, containing only carbon and hydrogen. A 3.000-mg sample of naphthalene burns to give 10.3 mg of CO2. Determine its empirical and molecular formulas.

Fill in the blank with a single chemical formula for a covalent compound that will balance the equation:
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