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Chapter 4: 16 CYL (page 210)
A 0.00215g sample of polystyrene, a polymer composed of carbon and hydrogen, produced 0.00726g of CO2 0.00148g of H2O in combustion analysis. What is the empirical formula for polystyrene?
- CH is the empirical formula for polystyrene.
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A novel process for obtaining magnesium from sea water involves several reactions. Write a balanced chemical equation for each step of the process.
(a)The first step is the decomposition of solid calcium carbonate from seashells to form solid calcium oxide and gaseous carbon dioxide.
(b)The second step is the formation of solid calcium hydroxide as the only product from the reaction of the solid calcium oxide with liquid water.
(c)Solid calcium hydroxide is the added to the sea water, reacting with dissolved magnesium chloride to yield solid magnesium hydroxide and aqueous calcium chloride
(d)The solid magnesium hydroxide is added to a hydrochloric acid solution, producing dissolved magnesium chloride and liquid water.
(e)Finally, the magnesium chloride is melted and electrolyzed to yield liquid magnesium metal and diatomic chlorine gas.
Classify the following as acid-base reaction or oxidation-reduction reactions.
(a)\(N{a_2}S\left( {aq} \right) + 2HCl\left( {aq} \right) \to 2NaCl\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}S\left( g \right)\)
(b)\(2Na\left( s \right) + 2HCl\left( {aq} \right) \to 2NaCl\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}\left( g \right)\)
(c)\(Mg\left( s \right) + C{l_2}\left( g \right) \to MgC{l_2}\left( s \right)\)
(d)\(MgO\left( s \right) + 2HCl\left( {aq} \right) \to MgC{l_2}\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right)\)
(e)\({K_3}P\left( s \right) + 2{O_2}\left( g \right) \to {K_3}P{O_4}\left( s \right)\)
(f)\(3KOH\left( {aq} \right) + {H_3}P{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) \to {K_3}P{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + 3{H_2}O\left( l \right)\)
Joseph Priestly prepared oxygen in 1774 by heating red mercury(II) oxide with sunlight focused through a lens. How much heat is required to decompose exactly 1 mole of red HgO(s) to Hg(l) and O2(g) under standard conditions?
Uranium can be isolated from its ores by dissolving it as UO2(NO3)2, then separating it as solid UO2(C2O4). Addition of 0.4031 g of sodium oxalate, NaC2O4, to a solution containing 1.481 g of uranyl nitrate, UO2(NO3)2, yields 1.073 g of solid
\(Na{C_2}{O_4} + U{O_2}{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_2} + 3{H_2}O \to U{O_2}\left( {{C_2}{O_4}} \right) \cdot 3{H_2}O + 2NaN{O_3}\)
What does it mean to say an equation is balanced? Why is it important for an equation to be balanced?
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