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Chapter 2: Q.49E (page 67)

For each of the following pairs of ions, write the symbol for the formula of the compound they will form:

  1. \(C{a^{2 + }},{S^{2 - }}\)
  2. \(NH_4^ + ,SO_4^{2 - }\)
  3. \(A{l^{3 + }},B{r^ - }\)
  4. \(N{a^ + },HPO_4^{2 - }\)
  5. \(M{g^{2 + }},PO_4^{3 - }\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. \(CaS\)
  2. \({\left( {N{H_4}} \right)_2}S{O_4}\)
  3. \(AlB{r_3}\)
  4. \(N{a_2}HP{O_4}\)
  5. \(M{g_3}{\left( {P{O_4}} \right)_2}\)

Step by step solution

01

Step 1.  Finding the way to combine ions

Since the overall charge of a compound is zero, we can combine ions by balancing their charges.

02

Step 2.  Balancing the charges in each part

a. \(C{a^{2 + }},{S^{2 - }}\)\( \to \) +2 charge in 1 Ca atom can balance -2 charge in 1 S atom. Hence, formula becomes\(CaS\).

b. \(NH_4^ + ,SO_4^{2 - }\)\( \to \) Since ammonium ion has only +1 charge, we will be needing 2 molecules of ammonium ion to balance -2 charge in sulphate ion. . Hence the formula of compound becomes\({\left( {N{H_4}} \right)_2}S{O_4}\).

c. \(A{l^{3 + }},B{r^ - }\)\( \to \) 3 atoms of Br will be required to balance +3 charge in aluminium ion. . Hence the formula of compound becomes \(AlB{r_3}\).

d. \(N{a^ + },HPO_4^{2 - }\)\( \to \) -2 charge in 1 molecule of hydrogen phosphate can be neutralized by 2 atoms of sodium. . Hence the formula of compound becomes\(N{a_2}HP{O_4}\).

e. \(M{g^{2 + }},PO_4^{3 - }\)\( \to \) Using cross-multiplying method, we can conclude that charge in 3 atoms of Mg will be balancing charge in 2 molecules of phosphate ion. Hence the formula of compound becomes\(M{g_3}{\left( {P{O_4}} \right)_2}\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Click on the site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetAtomMass) and select the 鈥淢ix Isotopes鈥� tab, hide the 鈥淧ercent Composition鈥� and 鈥淎verage Atomic Mass鈥� boxes, and then select the element boron.

(a) Write the symbols of the isotopes of boron that are shown as naturally occurring in significant amounts.

(b) Predict the relative amounts (percentages) of these boron isotopes found in nature. Explain the reasoning behind your choice.

(c) Add isotopes to the black box to make a mixture that matches your prediction in (b). You may drag isotopes fromtheir bins or click on 鈥淢ore鈥� and then move the sliders to the appropriate amounts.

(d) Reveal the 鈥淧ercent Composition鈥� and 鈥淎verage Atomic Mass鈥� boxes. How well does your mixture match withyour prediction? If necessary, adjust the isotope amounts to match your prediction.

(e) Select 鈥淣ature鈥檚鈥� mix of isotopes and compare it to your prediction. How well does your prediction comparewith the naturally occurring mixture? Explain. If necessary, adjust your amounts to make them match 鈥淣ature鈥檚鈥漚mounts as closely as possible.

Predict and test the behavior of 伪 particles fired at a 鈥減lum pudding鈥� model atom.

(a) Predict the paths taken by 伪 particles that are fired at atoms with a Thomson鈥檚 plum pudding model structure. Explain why you expect the 伪 particles to take these paths.

(b) If 伪 particles of higher energy than those in (a) are fired at plum pudding atoms, predict how their paths will differ from the lower-energy 伪 particle paths. Explain your reasoning.

(c) Now test your predictions from (a) and (b). Open the Rutherford Scattering simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetScatter) and select the 鈥淧lum Pudding Atom鈥� tab. Set 鈥淎lpha Particles Energy鈥� to 鈥渕in,鈥� and select 鈥渟how traces.鈥� Click on the gun to start firing 伪 particles. Does this match your prediction from (a)? If not, explain why the actual path would be that shown in the simulation. Hit the pause button, or 鈥淩eset All.鈥� Set 鈥淎lpha Particles Energy鈥� to 鈥渕ax,鈥� and start firing 伪 particles. Does this match your prediction from (b)? If not, explain the effect of increased energy on the actual paths as shown in the simulation.

Question: Write the formulas of the following compounds:

(a) rubidium bromide

(b) magnesium selenide

(c) sodium oxide

(d) calcium chloride

(e) hydrogen fluoride

(f) gallium phosphide

(g) aluminum bromide

(h) ammonium sulfate

A sample of magnesium is found to contain 78.70% of 24Mg atoms (mass 23.98 amu), 10.13% of 25Mg atoms (mass 24.99 amu), and 11.17% of 26Mg atoms (mass 25.98 amu). Calculate the average mass of a Mg atom.

Question : Name the following compounds:

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