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Chapter 8: Q5 E (page 446)

Use valence bond theory to explain the bonding in\({{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\). Sketch the overlap of the atomic orbitals involved in the bonds in \({{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified

The molecules of oxygen contains a double bond consisting of sigma and pi bond.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Concept

The sigma bond is formed when two half-filled atomic orbitals involved in the formation of a molecular orbital overlap along the internuclear axis.

The bond formed is a pi-bond when half-filled p-orbitals involved in bond formation overlap sideways.

02

Sketch the overlap of the atomic orbitals involved in the bonds

The bonding in\({{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\)can be explained in following ways:

A sigma bond and a pi-bond make up the double bond in the oxygen molecule. Two half-filled p-orbitals from each atom overlap along their internuclear axis when two oxygen atoms approach each other, forming a sigma bond. As shown in the diagram, a pi-bond is formed when one atom's second half-filled p-orbital overlaps a similar p-orbital of the other atom sideways.

Therefore, the sigma and pi bonds in oxygen molecules form a double bond.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Identify the hybridization of the central atom in each of the following molecules and ions that contain multiple bonds: (a) \({\rm{ClNO}}\) (\({\rm{N}}\) is the central atom) (b) \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{S}}_{\rm{2}}}\) (c) \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{CO}}\) (\({\rm{C}}\) is the central atom) (d) \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{SO}}\) (\({\rm{S}}\) is the central atom) (e) \({\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}}\) (\({\rm{S}}\) is the central atom) (f) \({\rm{Xe}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}}\) (\({\rm{Xe}}\) is the central atom) (g) \({\rm{ClO}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}}^{\rm{ + }}\) (\({\rm{Cl}}\) is the central atom).

For the molecule allene, \({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{C = C = C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}\) , give the hybridization of each carbon atom. Will the hydrogen atoms be in the same plane or perpendicular planes?

If molecular orbitals are created by combining five atomic orbitals from atom A and five atomic orbitals from atom B combine, how many molecular orbitals will result?

Methionine, \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{SC}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{CH}}\left( {{\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}} \right){\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{H}}\), is an amino acid found in proteins. Draw a Lewis structure of this compound. What is the hybridization type of each carbon, oxygen, the nitrogen, and the sulfur?

What is the hybridization of the central atom in each of the following?

(a) \({\rm{Be}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}\)

(b) \({\rm{S}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{6}}}\)

(c) \({\rm{PO}}_{\rm{4}}^{{\rm{3 - }}}\)

(d) \({\rm{PC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{5}}}\)
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