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Chapter 8: Q34E (page 450)
If molecular orbitals are created by combining five atomic orbitals from atom A and five atomic orbitals from atom B combine, how many molecular orbitals will result?
Ten molecular orbitals will result.
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Sketch the distribution of electron density in the bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals formed from two S orbitals and from two P orbitals.
Determine the bond order of each member of the following groups, and determine which member of each group is predicted by the molecular orbital model to have the strongest bond.
(a) \({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ + ,H}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ - }}\)
(b) \({{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,O}}_{\rm{2}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}{\rm{,O}}_{\rm{2}}^{{\rm{2 - }}}\)
(c) \({\rm{L}}{{\rm{i}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,B}}{{\rm{e}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ + ,B}}{{\rm{e}}_{\rm{2}}}\)
(d) \({{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,\;}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ + ,}}\;\;\;{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ - }}\)
(e) \({{\rm{N}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,\;N}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ + }}{\rm{,}}\;\;\;{\rm{N}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ - }}\)
For many years after they were discovered, it was believed that the noble gases could not form compounds. Now we know that belief to be incorrect. A mixture of xenon and fluorine gases, confined in a quartz bulb and placed on a windowsill, is found to slowly produce a white solid. Analysis of the compound indicates that it contains \({\rm{77}}{\rm{.55\% }}\)Xe and \({\rm{22}}{\rm{.45\% \;F}}\)by mass.
(a) What is the formula of the compound?
(b) Write a Lewis structure for the compound.
(c) Predict the shape of the molecules of the compound.
(d) What hybridization is consistent with the shape you predicted?
A friend tells you that the \({\rm{2s}}\)orbital for fluorine starts off at a much lower energy than the \({\rm{2s}}\) orbital for lithium, so the resulting \({{\rm{\sigma }}_{{\rm{2s}}}}\) molecular orbital in \({{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}}\) is more stable than in \({\rm{L}}{{\rm{i}}_{\rm{2}}}\). Do you agree?
Predict the valence electron molecular orbital configurations for the following, and state whether they will be stable or unstable ions.
(a) \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{a}}_{\rm{2}}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}\)
(b) \({\rm{M}}{{\rm{g}}_{\rm{2}}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}\)
(c) \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{2}}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}\)
(d) \({\rm{S}}{{\rm{i}}_{\rm{2}}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}\)
(e) \({\rm{P}}_{\rm{2}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}\)
(f) \({{\rm{S}}_{\rm{2}}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}\)
(g) \({{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}\)
(h) \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{r}}_{\rm{2}}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}\)
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