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Chapter 8: Q4 E (page 451)
A typical barometric pressure in Redding, California, is about 750mm Hg. Calculate this pressure in atm and kPa.
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Another acid in acid rain is nitric acid, HNO3, which is produced by the reaction of nitrogen dioxide, NO2, with atmospheric water vapor. What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in NO2? (Note: the lone electron on nitrogen occupies a hybridized orbital just as a lone pair would.)
A useful solvent that will dissolve salts as well as organic compounds is the compound acetonitrile, \({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{CCN}}\). It is present in paint strippers. (a) Write the Lewis structure for acetonitrile, and indicate the direction of the dipole moment in the molecule. (b) Identify the hybrid orbitals used by the carbon atoms in the molecule to form \({\rm{\sigma }}\) bonds. (c) Describe the atomic orbitals that form the \({\rm{\pi }}\) bonds in the molecule. Note that it is not necessary to hybridize the nitrogen atom.
Which of the period 2 homonuclear diatomic molecules are predicted to be paramagnetic?
For each of the following molecules, indicate the hybridization requested and whether or not the electrons will be delocalized: (a) ozone (\({{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}\)) central \({\rm{O}}\) hybridization (b) carbon dioxide (\({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\)) central \({\rm{C}}\) hybridization (c) nitrogen dioxide (\({\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\)) central \({\rm{N}}\) hybridization (d) phosphate ion (\({\rm{P}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{4}}}^{{\rm{3 - }}}\)) central \({\rm{P}}\) hybridization.
Determine the bond order of each member of the following groups, and determine which member of each group is predicted by the molecular orbital model to have the strongest bond.
(a) \({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ + ,H}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ - }}\)
(b) \({{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,O}}_{\rm{2}}^{{\rm{2 + }}}{\rm{,O}}_{\rm{2}}^{{\rm{2 - }}}\)
(c) \({\rm{L}}{{\rm{i}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,B}}{{\rm{e}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ + ,B}}{{\rm{e}}_{\rm{2}}}\)
(d) \({{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,\;}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ + ,}}\;\;\;{\rm{F}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ - }}\)
(e) \({{\rm{N}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,\;N}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ + }}{\rm{,}}\;\;\;{\rm{N}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ - }}\)
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