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Manufacturing is the activity of making items using labor, equipment, equipment, as well as biological and chemical treatment as well as composition. Manufacturing can refer to either the large-scale conversion of raw materials into finished goods or the creation of more complicated objects via the sale of basic commodities to producers for the manufacturing of products including cars, airplanes, as well as residential gadgets

$$\begin{gathered} \text{Processingcapacityoftakingorder=100customer/hour} \\ \text{Totalhoursofoperationoftakingorders=12hours} \\ \text{°Õ´Ç³Ù²¹±ô°ä²¹±è²¹³¦¾±³Ù²â´Ç´Ú³Ù²¹°ì¾±²Ô²µ´Ç°ù»å±ð°ù²õ±è±ð°ù»å²¹²â=100³¦³Ü²õ³Ù´Ç³¾±ð°ù²õ/³ó´Ç³Ü°ù×12³ó´Ç³Ü°ù²õ/»å²¹²â} \\ \text{TotalCapacityoftakingordersperday=1200customersperday} \end{gathered}$$

$$\begin{gathered} \text{ProcessingCapacityofpickingorders=60customers/hour} \\ \text{Totalhoursofoperationsofpickingorders=24hours} \\ \text{°Õ´Ç³Ù²¹±ô°ä²¹±è²¹³¦¾±³Ù²â´Ç´Ú±è¾±³¦°ì¾±²Ô²µ´Ç°ù»å±ð°ù²õ±è±ð°ù»å²¹²â=80³¦³Ü²õ³Ù´Ç³¾±ð°ù²õ/³ó´Ç³Ü°ù²õ×24³ó´Ç³Ü°ù²õ/»å²¹²â} \\ \text{TotalCapacityoftakingordersperday=1440customersperday} \end{gathered}$$

The maximum output of the process is determined by the bottleneck. A bottleneck activity is an activity that has the least processing capacity per day.

Here, the activity of taking orders has the least processing capacity of 1200 customers per day.

Hence, taking orders is the bottleneck in the process.

$$\begin{gathered} \text{Themaximumoutputoftheprocessinaday=Processsingcapacityofthebottleneck} \\ \text{Themaximumoutputoftheprocessinaday=1200customers} \end{gathered}$$

$$\begin{gathered} \text{Maximumoutput=1200customersperday} \\ \text{Tofulfilltheseorders,} \\ \text{Timeforoperations=Maximumoutput/Processingcapacityperhour} \\ \text{Forpickingactivity,} \\ \text{Timeoperations=Maximumoutput/processingcapacityperhour} \\ \text{Timeforoperations=1200/80} \\ \text{Timeforoperationsforpicking=15hours} \\ \text{Forpackingactivity,} \\ \text{Timeforoperations=Maximumoutput/Processingcapacityperhour} \\ \text{Timeforoperations=1200/60} \\ \text{TimeforoperationsforPacking=20hours} \end{gathered}$$

Step 3: (c) Given b, the maximum number of orders waiting to be picked

Maximum number of orders waiting to be picked = (Processing capacity per hour for taking orders - Processing capacity per hour for picking) x number of hours of operations for taking orders

The concept here is that every hour 100 orders are taken but only 80 are picked every hour and such a gap will continue to widen till the orders are continued to be taken which is the total hours of operations for taking orders beyond which the inflow of orders will be 0.

Hence, the order waiting to be picked will increase every hour by the amount = difference in processing capacity and it will be maximum at the end of 12 hours (operations time for taking orders) and after that, the pending orders will be picked such that the pending orders will go on reducing and become 0 at the end of operations time for picking.

Maximum number of orders waiting to be picked = (Processing capacity per hour for taking orders - Processing capacity per hour for picking) x number of hours of operations for taking orders

Maximum number of orders waiting to be picked = (100 - 80) x 12

Maximum number of orders waiting to be picked = 240

Similarly,

Maximum number of orders waiting to be packed = (Processing capacity per hour for picking - Processing capacity per hour for packing) x number of hours of operations for picking

With the packing capacity of 120 orders per hour,

$$\begin{gathered} \text{Forpackingactivity,} \\ \text{Timeforoperations=Maximumoutput/Processingcapacityperhour} \\ \text{Timeforoperations=1200/120} \\ \text{TimeforoperationsforPacking=10hours} \end{gathered}$$

Because the packing operations time is less than the picking operations time, the packing activity has to wait for the picking activity to complete the work so that the packing activity can pack the picked orders.

Hence,

$$\begin{gathered} \text{ActualTimeforoperationsforpacking=Timeforoperationsforpicking} \\ \text{ActualTimeforoperationsforPacking=15hours} \end{gathered}$$

Part C:

Remains unchanged as it will not be affected by the change in the processing capacity for picking operation.

Maximum number of orders waiting to be picked = 240

Maximum number of orders waiting to be packed = (Processing capacity per hour for picking - Processing capacity per hour for packing) x number of hours of operations for picking

Maximum number of orders waiting to be packed = (80 - 120) x 15

Maximum number of orders waiting to be packed = 0

Because the processing capacity per hour for packing operation is more than the processing capacity of picking operation, all the orders that are picked and ready to be packed will be packed without any waiting time.

Hence, the number of orders waiting to be packed at any time = 0