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(Depreciation for Partial Periods—SL, Act., SYD, and Declining-Balance) The cost of equipment purchased by Charleston, Inc., on June 1, 2017, is \(89,000. It is estimated that the machine will have a \)5,000 salvage value at the end of its service life. Its service life is estimated at 7 years, its total working hours are estimated at 42,000, and its total production is estimated at 525,000 units. During 2017, the machine was operated 6,000 hours and produced 55,000 units. During 2018, the machine was operated 5,500 hours and produced 48,000 units.

Instructions Compute depreciation expense on the machine for the year ending December 31, 2017, and the year ending December 31, 2018, using the following methods.

  1. Straight-line.
  2. Units-of-output.
  3. Working hours.
  4. ³§³Ü³¾-´Ç´Ú-³Ù³ó±ð-²â±ð²¹°ù²õ’-»å¾±²µ¾±³Ù²õ.
  5. Declining-balance (twice the straight-line rate).

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer

S.no

Methods

2017($)

2018($)

a

Straight-line.

7,000

12,000

b

Units-of-output.

8,800

7,680

c

Working hours.

12,000

11,000

d

³§³Ü³¾-´Ç´Ú-³Ù³ó±ð-²â±ð²¹°ù²õ’-»å¾±²µ¾±³Ù²õ

12,250

19,250

e

Declining-balance

14,833

21,191

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Depreciation

In accounting, depreciation is charged on tangible assets due to the abrasion or corrosion of assets. It is taken as an expense in the books of accounts assessed by different accounting firms through different methods.

02

(a) Computing depreciation expense using the straight-line method.

Calculating annual depreciation

Depreciation=Originalcost-SalvagevalueUsefullife=$89,000-$5,0007=$12,000annually

Calculating depreciation for 2017

Depreciation=Annualdepreciation×NumberinamonthMonthinayear=$12,000×712=$7,000

Calculating depreciation for 2018

Depreciation=Annualdepreciation×NumberinamonthMonthsinayear=$12,000×1212=$12,000

03

(b) Computing depreciation expense using the Units-of-output method

Calculating per unit value

Depreciation=Cost-SalvagevalueTotalproduction=$89,000-$5,000525,000=$0.16perunit

Calculating depreciation for 2017

Depreciation=Totalproduction×Perunitvalue=55,000×0.16=$8,800

Calculating depreciation for 2018

Depreciation=Totalproduction×Perunitvalue=48,000×0.16=$7,680

04

(c) Computing depreciation expense using the Working hour method

Calculating per unit value

Depreciation=Cost-SalvagevalueTotalworkinghours=$89,000-$5,00042,000=$2.00perhour

Calculating depreciation for 2017

Depreciation=Totalhouroperated×Perunitvalue=6,000×$2.00=$12,000

Calculating depreciation for 2018

Depreciation=Totalhouroperated×Perunitvalue=5,500×$2.00=$11,000

05

(d) Computing depreciation expense using the Sum-of-the-years’-digits method

Computing sum of year digits

Sumofyeardigit=nn+12=77+12=7×82=28

Computing depreciation for 2017

Depreciation=Cost-Salvagevalue×NumberofyearSumofyear'sdigit×NumberofmonthNumberofmonthinayear=$89,000-$5,000×728×712=$84,000×728×712=$12,250

Computing depreciation for 2018 for five months

Depreciation=Cost-Salvagevalue×NumberofyearSumofyeardigit×NumberofmonthNumberofmonthinayear=$89,000-$5,000×728×512=$84,000×728×712=$8,750

Computing depreciation for 2018 for seven months

Depreciation=Cost-Salvagevalue×NumberofyearSumofyeardigit×NumberofmonthNumberofmonthinayear=$89,000-$5,000×628×712=$84,000×628×712=$10,500

Therefore, the total depreciation for 2018 is $19,250 ($8,750+$10,000)

06

(e) Computing depreciation expense using the Declining-balance method

Declining balance rate =27

Calculating depreciation for 2017

Depreciation=Cost×Decliningrate×NumberinamonthMonthinayear=$89,000×27×712=$14,833

Calculating depreciation for 2018

Depreciation=Cost-Depreciationof2017×Decliningrate=$89,000-$14,833×27=$74,167×27=$21,191

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(Comprehensive Fixed-Asset Problem) Darby Sporting Goods Inc. has been experiencing growth in the demand for its products over the last several years. The last two Olympic Games greatly increased the popularity of basketball around the world. As a result, a European sports retailing consortium entered into an agreement with Darby’s Roundball Division to purchase basketballs and other accessories on an increasing basis over the next 5 years.

To be able to meet the quantity commitments of this agreement, Darby had to obtain additional manufacturing capacity. A real estate firm located an available factory in close proximity to Darby’s Roundball manufacturing facility, and Darby agreed to purchase the factory and used machinery from Encino Athletic Equipment Company on October 1, 2016. Renovations were necessary to convert the factory for Darby’s manufacturing use.

The terms of the agreement required Darby to pay Encino \(50,000 when renovations started on January 1, 2017, with the balance to be paid as renovations were completed. The overall purchase price for the factory and machinery was \)400,000. The building renovations were contracted to Malone Construction at \(100,000. The payments made, as renovations progressed during 2017, are shown below. The factory was placed in service on January 1, 2018.

1/1

4/1

10/1

12/31

Encino

\)50,000

\(90,000

\)110,000

\(150,000

Malone

30,000

30,000

40,000

On January 1, 2017, Darby secured a \)500,000 line-of-credit with a 12% interest rate to finance the purchase cost of the factory and machinery, and the renovation costs. Darby drew down on the line-of-credit to meet the payment schedule shown above; this was Darby’s only outstanding loan during 2017.

Bob Sprague, Darby’s controller, will capitalize the maximum allowable interest costs for this project. Darby’s policy regarding purchases of this nature is to use the appraisal value of the land for book purposes and prorate the balance of the purchase price over the remaining items. The building had originally cost Encino \(300,000 and had a net book value of \)50,000, while the machinery originally cost \(125,000 and had a net book value of \)40,000 on the date of sale. The land was recorded on Encino’s books at \(40,000. An appraisal, conducted by independent appraisers at the time of acquisition, valued the land at \)290,000, the building at \(105,000, and the machinery at \)45,000.

Angie Justice, chief engineer, estimated that the renovated plant would be used for 15 years, with an estimated salvage value of \(30,000. Justice estimated that the productive machinery would have a remaining useful life of 5 years and a salvage value of \)3,000. Darby’s depreciation policy specifies the 200% declining-balance method for machinery and the 150% decliningbalance method for the

plant. One-half year’s depreciation is taken in the year the plant is placed in service, and one-half year is allowed when the property is disposed of or retired. Darby uses a 360-day year for calculating interest costs.

Instructions

  1. Determine the amounts to be recorded on the books of Darby Sporting Goods Inc. as of December 31, 2017, for each of the following properties acquired from Encino Athletic Equipment Company.
    1. Land.
    2. Buildings.
    3. Machinery.
  2. Calculate Darby Sporting Goods Inc.’s 2018 depreciation expense, for book purposes, for each of the properties acquired from Encino Athletic Equipment Company.
  3. Discuss the arguments for and against the capitalization of interest costs.

Jurassic Company owns equipment that cost \(900,000 and has accumulated depreciation of \)380,000. The expected future net cash flows from the use of the asset are expected to be \(500,000. The fair value of the equipment is \)400,000. Prepare the journal entry, if any, to record the impairment loss.

Tanaka Company has land that cost \(15,000,000. Its fair value on December 31, 2017, is \)20,000,000. Tanaka chooses the revaluation model to report its land. Explain how the land and its related valuation should be reported.

(Depletion and Depreciation—Mining) Khamsah Mining Company has purchased a tract of mineral land for \(900,000. It is estimated that this tract will yield 120,000 tons of ore with sufficient mineral content to make mining and processing profitable. It is further estimated that 6,000 tons of ore will be mined the first and last year and 12,000 tons every year in between. (Assume 11 years of mining operations.) The land will have a salvage value of \)30,000.

The company builds necessary structures and sheds on the site at a cost of \(36,000. It is estimated that these structures can serve 15 years but, because they must be dismantled if they are to be moved, they have no salvage value. The company does not intend to use the buildings elsewhere. Mining machinery installed at the mine was purchased secondhand at a cost of \)60,000. This machinery cost the former owner $150,000 and was 50% depreciated when purchased. Khamsah Mining estimates that about half of this machinery will still be useful when the present mineral resources have been exhausted, but that dismantling and removal costs will just about offset its value at that time. The company does not intend to use the machinery elsewhere. The remaining machinery will last until about one-half the present estimated mineral ore has been removed and will then be worthless. Cost is to be allocated equally between these two classes of machinery.

Instructions

  1. As chief accountant for the company, you are to prepare a schedule showing estimated depletion and depreciation costs for each year of the expected life of the mine.
  2. Also compute the depreciation and depletion for the first year assuming actual production of 5,000 tons. Nothing occurred during the year to cause the company engineers to change their estimates of either the mineral resources or the life of the structures and equipment.

Walkin Inc. is considering the write-down of its long-term plant because of a lack of profitability. Explain to the management of Walkin how to determine whether a write-down is permitted.

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