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Classifying costs Classify each cost by placing an X in the appropriate columns. The first cost is completed as an example.

Absorption Costing Variable Costing Product Cost Period Cost Product Cost Period cost

  1. Direct materials
  2. Direct labor
  3. Variable manufacturing overhead
  4. Fixed manufacturing overhead
  5. Variable selling and administrative costs
  6. Fixed selling and administrative cost

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer

The classification of cost is given in the table below.

Step by step solution

01

Absorption costing Vs. Variable costing

Absorption costing absorbs all manufacturing costs including fixed manufacturing overheads. Variable costing only allocates variable costs to the product, fixed manufacturing overhead is classified as a period cost under variable costing.

02

Classification of cost

Absorption Costing

Variable Costing

Product Cost

Period Cost

Product Cost

Period Cost

a. Direct materials

X

X

b. Direct labor

X

X

c. Variable manufacturing overhead

X

X

d. Fixed manufacturing overhead

X

X

e. Variable selling and administrative costs

X

X

f. Fixed selling and administrative cost

X

X

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: The Hurley Hat Company manufactures baseball hats. Hurley’s primary customers are sporting goods stores that supply uniforms to youth baseball teams. Following is Hurley’s income statement for 2018:

In 2018, Hurley produced and sold 200,000 baseball hats. Of the Cost of Goods Sold, \(150,000 is fixed; 80% of the Selling and Administrative Expenses are fixed. There were no beginning inventories on January 1, 2018. The company is considering two options to increase sales.

Option 1: The company is operating at 100,000 hats below full production capacity and is considering increasing advertising to increase sales to the production capacity level in 2019. The marketing director predicts that an additional \)100,000 expenditure for advertising would increase sales to 300,000 hats per year.

Option 2: The sales manager has been negotiating with buyers for several national sporting goods retailers and recommends the company expand production capacity to 400,000 hats in order to secure long-term contracts beginning in 2019. The expansion is expected to increase fixed manufacturing costs by \(200,000 per year. Additionally, the retailers are requesting a higher-quality hat, and the changes to the hat materials and manufacturing process would increase variable manufacturing costs by \)1 per hat for the additional 200,000 hats. (The original 200,000 hats manufactured and sold would not be affected by this change.)

Requirements

1. Use the data from the 2018 income statement to prepare an income statement using variable costing. Assume no beginning or ending inventories. Calculate the contribution margin ratio. Round to two decimal places.

2. Prepare an absorption costing income statement assuming the company pursues Option 1 and increases advertising and production and sales increase to 300,000 hats.

3. Refer to the original data. Prepare an absorption costing income statement assuming the company pursues Option 2 and increases capacity and sales and production increases to 400,000 total hats.

4. Which option should the company pursue? Explain your reasoning.

Explain how increasing production can increase gross profit when using absorption costing.

Preparing variable and absorption costing income statements

Claudia’s Foods produces frozen meals that it sells for \(11 each. The company computes a new monthly fixed manufacturing overhead allocation rate based on the planned number of meals to be produced that month. Assume all costs and production levels are exactly as planned. The following data are from Linda’s Foods’s first month in business:

January 2018 Units produced and sold: Sales 850 meals Production 1,050 meals Variable manufacturing cost per meal \) 5Sales commission cost per meal 1 Total fixed manufacturing overhead 315Total fixed selling and administrative costs 450 Requirements

1. Compute the product cost per meal produced under absorption costing and under variable costing.

2. Prepare income statements for January 2018 using: a. absorption costing. b. variable costing.

3. Is operating income higher under absorption costing or variable costing in January?

Preparing variable and absorption costing income statements

Game Source manufactures video games that it sells for \(43 each. The company uses a fixed manufacturing overhead allocation rate of \)5 per game. Assume all costs and production levels are exactly as planned. The following data are from Game Store’s first two months in business during 2018:

October November Sales 1,500 units 2,900 units Production 2,500 units 2,500 units Variable manufacturing cost per game \( 17 \) 17Sales commission cost per game 7 7Total fixed manufacturing overhead12,500 12,500

Total fixed selling and administrative costs 11,500 11,500 Requirements

1. Compute the product cost per game produced under absorption costing and under variable costing.

2. Prepare monthly income statements for October and November, including columns for each month and a total column, using these costing methods:

a. absorption costing.

b. variable costing.

3. Is operating income higher under absorption costing or variable costing in October? In November? Explain the pattern of differences in operating income based on absorption costing versus variable costing.

4. Determine the balance in Finished Goods Inventory on October 31 and November 30 under absorption costing and variable costing. Compare the differences in inventory balances and the differences in operating income. Explain the differences in inventory balances based on absorption costing versus variable costing.

Question: Preparing absorption costing income statements, production less than sales

Refer to Exercise E21-19.

Requirements

  1. Prepare the May income statement using absorption costing.
  2. Is operating income using absorption costing higher or lower than variable costing income? Explain why.
  3. Determine the balance in Finished Goods Inventory as of May 31.
See all solutions

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