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Chapter 19: Q8RQ (page 1063)
Question: What are the four steps to developing an activity-based costing system?
Answer
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Martin, Inc. manufactures bookcases and uses an activity-based costing system. Martin鈥檚 activity areas and related data follow:
Activity | Budgeted Cost of Activity | Allocation Base | Predetermined Overhead Allocation Rate |
Materials handling | \( 230,000 | Number of parts | \)1.50 |
Assembly | 3,200,000 | Number of assembling direct labor hours | 16.00 |
Finishing | 150,000 | Number of finished units* | 3.00 |
*Refers to the number of units receiving the finishing activity, not the number of units transferred to Finished Goods Inventory
Martin produced two styles of bookcases in April: the standard bookcase and an unfinished bookcase, which has fewer parts and requires no finishing. The totals for quantities, direct materials costs, and other data follow:
Product | Total Units Produced | Total Direct materials Costs | Total Direct Labor Costs | Total Number of Parts | Total Assembling Direct Labor Hours |
Standard bookcase | 3,000 | \(54,000 | \)67,500 | 9,000 | 4,500 |
Unfinished bookcase | 3,500 | 56,000 | 52,500 | 7,000 | 3,500 |
Requirements
1. Compute the manufacturing product cost per unit of each type of bookcase.
Question:Gateway produces electronic calculators. Suppose Gateway鈥檚 standard cost per calculator is \(25 for direct materials and \)68 for conversion costs. The following data applyto August activities:
Direct materials purchased (on account) \( 8,300
Conversion costs incurred 20,500
Number of calculators produced 300 calculators
Number of calculators sold (on account, at \)105 each) 295 calculators
Requirements
1. Prepare summary journal entries for August using JIT costing, including the entryto adjust the Conversion Costs account.
2. The beginning balance of Finished Goods Inventory was $1,300. Use a T-accountto find the ending balance of Finished Goods Inventory.
Koehler (see Exercise E19-15 and Exercise E19-16) makes handheld calculators in two models鈥攂asic and professional鈥攁nd wants to further refine its costing system by allocating overhead using activity-based costing. The estimated \(721,000 of manufacturing overhead has been divided into three primary activities: Materials Handling, Machine Setup, and Insertion of Parts. The following data have been compiled:
Material Handling | Machine Setup | Insertion of Parts | Total | |
Overhead costs | \) 45,000 | \( 136,000 | \) 540,000 | $ 721,000 |
Allocation base | Number of parts | Number of setups | Number of parts | |
Expected usage: | ||||
Basic Model | 32 parts per calculator | 24 setups per year | 32 parts per calculator | |
Professional Model | 58 parts per calculator | 44 setups per year | 58 parts per calculator |
Requirement 2
Compare your answers for Exercise E19-15, Exercise E19-16, and Exercise E19-17. What conclusions can you draw?
Harris Systems specializes in servers for workgroup, e-commerce, and ERP applications. The company鈥檚 original job costing system has two direct cost categories: direct materials and direct labor. Overhead is allocated to jobs at the single rate of \(22 per direct labor hour.
A task force headed by Harris鈥檚 CFO recently designed an ABC system with four activities. The ABC system retains the current system鈥檚 two direct cost categories. Overhead costs are reflected in the four activities. Pertinent data follow:
___________________________________________________________________
Activity Allocation Base Predetermined Overhead
Allocation Rate____
Materials handling Number of parts \) 0.85
Machine setup Number of setups 500.00
Assembling Number of assembling hours 80.00
Shipping Number of shipments 1,500.00_______
Harris Systems has been awarded two new contracts, which will be produced as Job A and Job B. Budget data relating to the contracts follow:
____________________________________________________________
Job A Job B__
Number of parts 15,000 2,000
Number of setups 6 4
Number of assembling hours 1,500 200
Number of shipments 1 1
Total direct labor hours 8,000 600
Number of units produced 100 10
Direct materials cost \( 220,000 \) 30,000
Direct labor cost \( 160,000 \) 12,000__
Requirements
3. Which costing system more accurately assigns to jobs the costs of the resources consumed to produce them? Explain.
Willitte Pharmaceuticals manufactures an over-the-counter allergy medication. The company sells both large commercial containers of 1,000 capsules to health care facilities and travel packs of 20 capsules to shops in airports, train stations, and hotels. The following information has been developed to determine if an activity-based costing system would be beneficial:
Activity Estimated Estimated Quantity
Indirect Cost Allocation Base of Allocation Base
Materials handling \( 95,000 Number of kilos 19,000 kilos
Packaging 200,000 Number of machine hours 5,000 hours
Quality assurance 112,500 Number of samples 1,875 samples
Total indirect costs \) 407,500
Actual production information includes the following:
Commercial Containers Travel Packs
Units produced 2,400 containers 50,000 packs
Weight in kilos 9,600 5,000
Machine hours 1,680 500
Number of samples 240 750
Requirements
3. Use the predetermined overhead allocation rates to compute the activity-based costs per unit of the commercial containers and the travel packs. Round to two decimal places. (Hint: First compute the total activity-based costs allocated to each product line, and then compute the cost per unit.)
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