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Chapter 21: Problem 2

What is a restriction enzyme? What structure does it recognize? What type of chemical bond does it cleave? Be as specific as possible.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is a protein that cuts DNA at specific sequences of nucleotides called restriction sites. These recognized structures often run 5' to 3' on one DNA strand and 3' to 5' on the complementary strand. They cleave phosphodiester bonds, leaving either 'blunt' ends or 'sticky' ends.

Step by step solution

01

Define Restriction Enzyme

A restriction enzyme, also known as a restriction endonuclease, is a protein that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides known as a restriction site.
02

Identify the Recognized Structure

Restriction enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences within the double stranded DNA, which is often a four to six nucleotide sequence that is a palindrome - the sequence runs 5' to 3' on one strand and 3' to 5' on the complementary strand.
03

Describe the Cleaved Bond

Restriction enzymes cleave phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides within the DNA strand. Depending on the enzyme, the cut leaves either 'blunt' ends or 'sticky' ends (overhanging segments of single-stranded DNA).

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