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Chapter 21: Problem 1

Discuss three important advances that have resulted from gene cloning.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Three important advances have resulted from gene cloning: 1) the production of medically important proteins like insulin, growth hormones, and clotting factors, 2) the improvement of crops by transferring beneficial genes between unrelated species, and 3) better understanding and potential cure of genetic diseases through replacing faulty genes with healthy cloned ones.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Gene Cloning

Gene cloning is a process in which a gene of interest is located and copied (cloned) out of DNA extracted from an organism. Once the gene of interest is isolated, it can be copied multiple times in a procedure known as DNA cloning.
02

Advancement 1 - Medical Therapy

One of the important advancements that have resulted from gene cloning is in medical therapy. The ability to clone genes has allowed scientists to develop pharmaceutically important proteins. For instance, insulin, growth hormones, and clotting factors are now industrially produced using gene cloning techniques in organisms like bacteria.
03

Advancement 2 - Crop Improvement

The second advancement is in the area of crop improvement. Gene cloning has enabled the transfer of genes between unrelated species enabling crops to gain advantageous characteristics like pest resistance, frost tolerance, and improved nutritional content. This has boosted agricultural productivity substantially.
04

Advancement 3 - Understanding and Curing Genetic Diseases

The third advancement is in understanding and possibly curing genetic diseases. Cloned genes have contributed to the understanding of how genes contribute to disease. Scientists may replace a faulty gene with a cloned healthy gene, therefore potentially providing a cure for some genetic diseases.

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