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Chapter 21: Problem 4

What is cDNA? In eukaryotes, how does cDNA differ from genomic DNA?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized from a messenger RNA template and does not contain introns which are present in genomic DNA. In eukaryotes, it only includes the genes that are being actively expressed in the cell at the time of mRNA extraction, giving it a unique representation of the actively expressed genes in genomic DNA.

Step by step solution

01

Understand cDNA

cDNA, or complementary DNA, is synthesized from a messenger RNA (mRNA) template through a process known as reverse transcription. The enzyme reverse transcriptase synthesizes the cDNA based on the sequence of the mRNA. The process is used to generate eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes and study gene expression.
02

Key characteristics of cDNA

cDNA differs from the original mRNA in that it is a piece of DNA. Unlike mRNA, cDNA is stable, can be amplified, cloned, and stored for later use. It does not contain introns (non-coding regions) which are present in the genomic DNA.
03

Differentiation from genomic DNA

In eukaryotes, cDNA varies from genomic DNA. Genomic DNA contains both introns (non-coding regions) and exons (coding regions), whereas cDNA includes only exons. cDNA, synthesized from mRNA which has already had introns spliced out, therefore only includes the genes that are being actively expressed in the cell at the time of mRNA extraction. It is used as the template for synthesis of complementary DNA.

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