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Chapter 12: Problem 10

At the molecular level, describe how \(\sigma\) factor recognizes a bacterial promoter. Be specific about the structure of \(\sigma\) factor and the type of chemical bonding.

Short Answer

Expert verified
蟽 factor, a transcription initiation factor in prokaryotes, recognizes promoter sequences of DNA. Composed of four regions, regions 2 and 4 of the 蟽 factor interact with the promoters at -10 and -35 sites respectively, primarily through hydrogen bonding. This recognition and interaction uncouple the double-stranded DNA, leading to the formation of a transcription bubble and allowing for transcription initiation.

Step by step solution

01

Role of Sigma Factor

The 蟽 factor, a prokaryotic transcription initiation factor, aids in the binding of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and thus promotes transcription initiation. This factor recognizes promoters, sequences of DNA that define where transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase begins.
02

Structure of Sigma Factor

Sigma factors are composed of four different regions, two of which -- region 2 and region 4- are involved in -10 and -35 promoter site recognition, respectively.
03

Interaction with Promoter

The 蟽 factor is capable of recognizing conserved promoter sequences. Region 2 of the 蟽 factor recognizes the -10 promoter site, forming hydrogen bonds with the DNA, while region 4 interacts with the -35 promoter element. DNA is unwound between the -10 and -35 elements, resulting in a transcription bubble.
04

Type of Chemical Bonding

As the 蟽 factor interacts with promoter DNA, hydrogen bonding is the dominant type of chemical bonding involved. The specificity of promoter recognition by 蟽 factors is achieved through complementary interactions between specific amino acids on the protein and particular bases in the promoter DNA sequence.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the function of a splicing factor? Explain how splicing factors can regulate the cell-specific splicing of mRNAs.

A mutation within a gene sequence changes the start codon to a stop codon. How will this mutation affect the transcription of this gene?

Mutations that occur at the end of a gene may alter the sequence of the gene and prevent transcriptional termination. A. What types of mutations would prevent \(\rho\)-independent termination? B. What types of mutations would prevent \(\rho\)-dependent termination? C. If a mutation prevented transcriptional termination at the end of a gene, where would gene transcription end? Or would it end?

After the intron (which is in a lariat configuration) is released during pre- mRNA splicing, a brief moment occurs before the two exons are connected to each other. Which snRNP(s) hold(s) the exons in place so they can be covalently connected to each other?

If the following RNA polymerases were missing from a eukaryotic cell, what types of genes would not be transcribed? A. RNA polymerase I C. RNA polymerase III B. RNA polymerase II
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