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Chapter 18: Q18-4TYU. (page 394)

Cell differentiation always involves

(A) transcription of the myoD gene.

(B) the movement of cells.

(C) the production of tissue-specific factors

(D) the selection loss of certain genes from the genome.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(A) The option 鈥渢ranscription of the myoD gene鈥� is false.

(B) The option 鈥渢he movement of cells鈥� is false.

(C) The option 鈥渢he production of tissue-specific factors鈥� is true.

(D) The option 鈥渢he selection loss of certain genes from the genome鈥� is false.

Step by step solution

01

Cell differentiation

The process of conversion from one cell type to the other cell type is known as cell differentiation. The specialized cells are produced as a result of cell differentiation. It is an important process in the development of multicellular organisms.

02

Explanation of option “(A)”

The MyoD gene is present in the muscle cell. The transcription of the myoD gene may lead to the formation of mRNA coding for the muscle cell.

Cell differentiation does not involve the transcription of the muscle protein.

Therefore, the given option is false.

03

Explanation of option “(B)”

Cells always tend to move in the extracellular matrix. The movement of the cell is associated with the actin protein present in the cell membrane.

Cell movement and cell differentiation are different processes.

Therefore, the given option is false.

04

Explanation of option “(C)”

Cell differentiation is the specialization process of cells that occurs via gene expression. The initiation of cell differentiation starts with the expression of tissue-specific factors that activate the regulatory protein. These regulatory proteins are the important control in the cell differentiation mechanism.

The tissue-specific proteins have an important role in the cell differentiation process for the activation of the regulatory proteins.

Therefore, the given option is true.

05

Explanation of option “(D)”

The selective loss of genes does not take place in the cell differentiation process. All proteins' coding segments are essential in the gene and need to be incorporated into the mature cells.

The gene loss does not occur in the cell differentiation process.

Therefore, the given option is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Did deletion of any of the possible control elements cause an increase in reporter gene expression relative to the control? If so, which one (s), and how can you tell? (b) If loss of a control element causes an increase in gene expression, what must be the normal role of that control element? Provide a biological explanation for how the loss of such a control element could lead to an increase in gene expression.

In Figure 18.17b, the lower cell is synthesizing signaling molecules, whereas the upper cell is expressing receptors for these molecules. In terms of gene regulation and cytoplasmic determinants, explain how these cells came to synthesize different molecules.

Within a cell, the amount of protein made using a given mRNA molecule depends partly on

(A) the degree of DNA methylation.

(B) the rate at which the mRNA is degraded.

(C) the number of introns present in the mRNA.

(D) the types of ribosomes present in the cytoplasm.

Prostrate cells usually require testosterone and other androgens to survive. But some prostate cancer cells thrive despite treatments that eliminate androgens. One hypothesis is that estrogen, often considered a female hormone, may be activating genes normally controlled by androgen in these cancer cells. Describe one or more experiments to test this hypothesis. (See Figure 11.9 to review the action of these steroid hormones).

(a) Did deletion of any of the possible control elements cause a reduction in reporter gene expression? If so, which one (s), and how can you tell? (b) If loss of a control element causes a reduction in gene expression, what must be the normal role of that control element? Provide a biological explanation for how the loss of such a control element could lead to a reduction in gene expression.
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