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Chapter 18: Q18.2-4ITD. (page 373)

(a) Did deletion of any of the possible control elements cause an increase in reporter gene expression relative to the control? If so, which one (s), and how can you tell? (b) If loss of a control element causes an increase in gene expression, what must be the normal role of that control element? Provide a biological explanation for how the loss of such a control element could lead to an increase in gene expression.

Short Answer

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(a) Yes, deletion of the possible control elements1 and 2 caused an increase in reporter gene expression because the construct produced more than 100% of the relative level of reporter mRNA of the control group.

(b) The role of elements 1 and 2 must be to repress gene expression.

(c) In the absence of the control element, the repressors do not bind to the enhancer. As a result, the expression of genes increases.

Step by step solution

01

Explanation for ‘a’

The DNA constructs with deleted possible control elements 1 and 2 synthesized more amount of mRNA than the control group. Both the constructs produced more than 100% of the reporter mRNA than the control group.

This exhibits that the deletion of control elements1 and 2enhanced reporter gene expression.

02

Explanation for ‘b’

The deletion of control elements 1 and 2 increases the expression of the gene. This means the role of the control elements is to repress the expression of genes. This is because the control elements, such as repressors, negatively regulate gene expression.

03

Effect of deleted control element on gene expression

Repressors are DNA-binding proteins that bind to the promoter and enhancer region of the DNA to inhibit gene expression. In the experiment, the repressors cannot bind to the enhancer region without control elements 1 and 2 to inhibit transcription.

As a result, there is an increase in gene expression level in the absence of the control element.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The diagram below five genes, including their enhancers, from the genome of a certain species. Imagine that pink, blue, green, black, grey and dark blue activator proteins exist that can bind to the approximately colour-coded control elements in the enhancers of these genes.

(a) Draw an X above enhancer elements (of all the genes) that would have activators bound in a cell where only gene five is transcribed. Identify which coloured activators would be present.

(b) Draw a dot above all enhancer elements that would have activators bound in a cell where the green, blue, and yellow activators are present. Identify which gene(s) would be transcribed.

(c) Imagine that genes 1, 2, and 4 codes for nerve-specific proteins, and genes 3 and 5 are skin-specific. Identify which activators would have to be present in each cell type to ensure transcription of the appropriate genes.

Inactivation of one of the X chromosomes in female mammals involves IncRNA called XIST RNA, mentioned in this section and in Concept 15.2. Describe transcription and binding of XIST RNA, then suggest a model for how it initiates Barr body formation.

Which of the following is an example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression?

(A) the addition of methyl group to cytosine bases of DNA

(B) the binding of transcription factors to a promoter

(C) the removal of introns and alternative splicing of exons

(D) gene amplification contributing to cancer

(a) Did deletion of any of the possible control elements cause a reduction in reporter gene expression? If so, which one (s), and how can you tell? (b) If loss of a control element causes a reduction in gene expression, what must be the normal role of that control element? Provide a biological explanation for how the loss of such a control element could lead to a reduction in gene expression.

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