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Chapter 18: Q18-9TYU. (page 395)

Within a cell, the amount of protein made using a given mRNA molecule depends partly on

(A) the degree of DNA methylation.

(B) the rate at which the mRNA is degraded.

(C) the number of introns present in the mRNA.

(D) the types of ribosomes present in the cytoplasm.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(A) The option 鈥渢he degree of DNA methylation鈥� is false.

(B) The option 鈥渢he rate at which the mRNA is degraded鈥� is true.

(C) The option 鈥渢he number of introns present in the mRNA鈥� is false.

(D) The option 鈥渢he types of ribosomes present in the cytoplasm鈥� is false.

Step by step solution

01

Protein

Protein is the sequence of amino acids attached via peptide bonds. The proteins have defined functions in metabolic reactions. The amino acids present in the protein sequences are formed by the sequences present in the mRNA.

02

Explanation of option “(A)”

DNA methylation is the process that regulates gene expression. It is the mechanism that adds a methyl group to the cytosine ends.

Proteins are the component created from amino acids. DNA methylation does not control the amount of protein because it involves adding a methyl group to the DNA sequence.

Therefore, the given option is false.

03

Explanation of option “(B)”

mRNA is the component that codes for the protein. The degradation of mRNA may result in a reduced number of proteins produced. The amount of protein produced is directly proportional to the mRNA degradation rate.

The protein quantity is partly dependent on the mRNA degradation rate.

Therefore, the given option is true.

04

Explanation of option “(C)”

The introns are non-coding regions present in the pre mRNA that is created from the transcription. It is not necessary for the protein-coding. The proteins are produced from the coding region of the mRNA.

Thus, the number of introns does not influence the amount of protein since the introns are removed via splicing from the mRNA before it enters into the translation process.

Therefore, the given option is false.

05

Explanation of option “(D)”

There are two types of ribosomes: free and fixed ribosomes, such that the fixed ribosomes are found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. The free ribosome moves along the cytosol.

The ribosomes are the site of the protein synthesis that does not influence the amount of protein that is formed. It is dependent on the mRNA that codes for the protein component.

Therefore, the given option is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Did deletion of any of the possible control elements cause a reduction in reporter gene expression? If so, which one (s), and how can you tell? (b) If loss of a control element causes a reduction in gene expression, what must be the normal role of that control element? Provide a biological explanation for how the loss of such a control element could lead to a reduction in gene expression.

Proto-oncogene can change into oncogenes that cause cancer. Which of the following best explains the presence of these potential time bombs in eukaryotic cells?

(A) Proto-oncogenes first arose from viral infections.

(B) Proto-oncogenes are mutant versions of normal genes.

(C) Proto-oncogenes are genetic 鈥� junk.鈥�

(D) Proto-oncogenes normally help regulate cell division.

The diagram below five genes, including their enhancers, from the genome of a certain species. Imagine that pink, blue, green, black, grey and dark blue activator proteins exist that can bind to the approximately colour-coded control elements in the enhancers of these genes.

(a) Draw an X above enhancer elements (of all the genes) that would have activators bound in a cell where only gene five is transcribed. Identify which coloured activators would be present.

(b) Draw a dot above all enhancer elements that would have activators bound in a cell where the green, blue, and yellow activators are present. Identify which gene(s) would be transcribed.

(c) Imagine that genes 1, 2, and 4 codes for nerve-specific proteins, and genes 3 and 5 are skin-specific. Identify which activators would have to be present in each cell type to ensure transcription of the appropriate genes.

Speculate about whether the same enzyme could methylate both a histone and a DNA base (See Concept 5.3)

Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they

(A) express different genes

(B) contains different genes.

(C) use different genetic codes.

(D) have unique ribosomes.
See all solutions

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