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Chapter 18: Q18-10TYU. (page 395)

Proto-oncogene can change into oncogenes that cause cancer. Which of the following best explains the presence of these potential time bombs in eukaryotic cells?

(A) Proto-oncogenes first arose from viral infections.

(B) Proto-oncogenes are mutant versions of normal genes.

(C) Proto-oncogenes are genetic 鈥� junk.鈥�

(D) Proto-oncogenes normally help regulate cell division.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(A) The statement 鈥淧roto-oncogenes first arose from viral infections鈥� is false.

(B) The statement 鈥淧roto-oncogenes are mutant versions of normal genes鈥� is false.

(C) The statement 鈥淧roto-oncogenes are genetic 鈥渏unk.鈥� is false.

(D) The statement 鈥淧roto-oncogenes normally help regulate cell division鈥� is true.

Step by step solution

01

Cancer

Cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of cells that occurs due to the loss in cell cycle regulation. It results in the formation of a tumor. The cancer cell can migrate from one organ to the other organ. The mutation is one of the conditions that can lead to cancer.

02

Explanation of option (A)

Some retroviruses can cause cancer. Proto-oncogenes are the normal genes present in the DNA. On stimulation, proto-oncogene gets stimulated to form cancer.

Proto-oncogene does not arise from viral origin. It usually is present in the human body.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

03

Explanation of option “(B)”

Proto-oncogenes are the normal genes present in the human body. These genes are not a mutated version of normal genes.

Thus, the proto-oncogenes are normal genes.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

04

Explanation of option “(C)”

Proto-oncogenes are the genes that control cell cycle regulation that has a definite role in metabolism. Cell cycle regulation is an important mechanism that controls the cell population in the body.

The proto-oncogenes are not the junk material in the gene that does not perform any metabolic function. However, the proto-oncogene controls the critical cell cycle mechanism.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

05

Explanation of option “(D)”

Cell division is an essential process for the survival and growth of an organism. The proto-oncogenes work in a mechanism to control the cell division by producing cyclins and Cdk proteins.

These proteins act as cell cycle checkpoints between the discrete phases of cell division, such as G1, synthesis phase, G2, and mitosis phase.

The proto-oncogene makes the cell proceed from one stage of the cell cycle to another step. So, it controls the cell division mechanism.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

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